Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics

K201 Mindtap

side by side bar chart

graphical display for depicting mutliple bar charts on the same display

stacked bar chart

a bar chart in which each bar is broken into rectanglar segments of a different color showing the relative frequency of each class

geospatial data

data that include info on the geographic location of each record

choropleth map

geographic visualization that uses shades of color, different colors, or symbols to indictate quantitive or categorical variable associates with the region

cartogram

map-like diagram that uses geographic positioing but purposefully represents the map regions in a manner that doesn’t necessarily correspond to the land area

equal area cartogram

A map-like diagram that uses relative geographic positioning of regions, but uses shapes of equal (or near-equal) size to represent regions.

data ink ratio

measures the proportion of ink used in a table or chart that is necessary to convey the meaning to the audience

decluttering

the process of increasing the data ink ratio by adding whitespace

data dashboard

A set of visual displays that organizes and presents information that is used to monitor the performance of a company or organization in a manner that is easy to read, understand, and interpret.

frequency distribution

tabular summary of data showing the number of observation in each of several non-overlapping categories or classes

relative frequency

frequency of class over total number

percent frequency

multiple relative frequency by 100

class midpoint

value halfway between the lower and upper class limits

dot plot

summarizes data by the number of dots above each data value on the horizontal axis

cummulative frequency

data that increases by the point/level, only increases and the last variable or 1.00/100

stem chart

solely for numbers to set up by groups of 10s

bar chart

graphical display for depicting categorical data summarized by frequency

approximate class width

largest value - smallest value / number of classes (groups)

when are class limits needed

only for quantitive data

histogram

graphical display of quantitive data

cross tabulation

tabular summary of data for 2 variables

simpsons paradox

conclusions drawn from 2 or more cross tabulations that can be reversed when data is aggregated into a singlar cross tabulation

scatter diagram

graphical display of the relationship between two quantitive variables

trendline

line that provides an approximation of the relationship on a scatter diagram