Final Quiz

True or False: Adult Language disorders are acquired

True

True or False: Aphasia is cognitive in nature

False

What is the most common cause of aphasia

stroke

CVA means

cerebral vascular accident or stroke

What are the common causes of neurogenic speech, language, cognitive and swallowing disorders

CVA, cerebral thrombosis, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhage, and aneurysm

What is the most common Stroke

Occlusive or Ischemic

What is an Infarction Stroke

blood supply to brain is blocked

what is a necrosis Stroke

dying tissue

what is a transient stroke

mini losses of blood supply to brain

What is cerebral Thrombosis

brain blood clot

What is atherosclerosis

plaque build up in arteries

What causes atherosclerosis

diet and family history

Arteriosclerosis is an umbrella term for

cerebral thrombosis and atherosclerosis

What is a cerebral embolism

blood clot forms in one part of the body and then travels through the blood to the brain where it blocks adequate oxygen and blood flow

what is a cerebral hemorrhage

caused by high blood pressure

What is an Aneurysm

pooling of blood in brain that is deadly if it bursts

Acronym FAST

Face, Arms, Speech, Time

What is the acronym FAST used for

detecting signs of stroke

What are unique risk factors for women and strokes

taking birth control, suffering migraines with aura, pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy

What is spontaneous recovery

brain recovers without SLP help

What are factors that affect recovery

chronological age, physical health, site location and size

What are four non-stroke related causes of Aphasia

TBI and tumors and toxins and degenerative diseases disorders

What are the two different kinds of Aphasia

Receptive (Fluent) and Expressive (Non Fluent)

What are some communication techniques that may help someone with aphasia better understand you

have person watch your face, speak clearly, break sentences down, give time for processing

How might aphasia manifest

anomia, effortful to speak, telegraphic speech, words in wrong order, making up words

Circumlocation

knowing the word but not the word (describing axe instead of saying axe)

Alexia

difficulty being able to read

Agraphia

difficulty being able to write

What does assessment for aphasia look like

review of medical chart, interview of patient + family, formal assessments of receptive and Expressive language including reading and writing

How might receptive abilities be assessed when treating aphasia

hearing/visual acuity, answering questions, following conversational speech

how might expressive abilities be assessed when treating Aphasia

naming, verbal + common objects, engaging in conversations

What is a multicultural consideration when assessing for aphasia

standardized test may not be translated into other languages

Treatment for Aphasia depends on what factors

age, prior skills, nature of neuropathy, severity, timing + length + intensity of therapy, family involvement

What are some activities we may see in therapy when treating aphasia

copy shapes + letters + words, writing biographical info, writing names of common objects + functions, formulate and produce written narratives

What are three different approaches in therapy for aphasia

restorative, compensatory, apps/software

What is a cognitive linguistic impairment

a language problem that is secondary to an acquired cognitive impairment

What does cognitive linguistic impairment hinder the ability to do

process and use incoming information from memory, organization of information, reasoning + judgement, problem solving

What are three common causes for cognitive language impairments

TBI, RHD, Dementia

What is the goal of therapy for cognitive language impairments

slow progression

What is the most common cause for adults and TBI

falls

What are the 3 ways attention may be impacted by TBI

selective, alternating, and divided abilities may be impaired

Apart from attention, what three other cognitive impairments with TBI

memory, orientation, and reasoning+problem solving

An SLP’s role in assessment post TBI is to diagnose what component

the LINGUISTIC component, not the TBI itself

What will the SLP assess in cognitive language impairments

receptive/expressive language, speech systems, motor speech, swallowing, hearing, narrative discourse

What are the goals of therapy with TBI

improve physical + cognitive-linguistic + psycho social functioning, gain independence, facilitate community integration

What is the most common cause of Right Hemisphere Disorder

stroke

What are the impacts of RHD

self awareness, social language, abstract language trouble, semantic language issues, left side neglect, reasoning and problem solving challenges

Assessment and treatment of RHD is similar to ______

aphasia

What is Dementia

syndrome caused by progressive neurological disease that results in decline in cognition, communication, behavior, and personality over time

What are the cognitive domains of impact for dementia

attention, executive functioning, learning/memory, language perceptual, feeding/swallowing

Why do we need to be aware of dementia patients and their use of social media

it removes face to face communication, they cannot differentiate accurate and non accurate, may interfere with daily living tasks

What does Stage 1 of Alzheimers look like?

impaired working memory, unkempt appearance, anxiety/depression, disorientation, TAKING AWAY OF CAR KEYS

What does Stage 2 of Alzheimers look like

confusion stage, loss of reading and/or writing, over aggression

What is the last stage of Alzheimers also called

terminal stage

What does an SLP assess in a patient with dementia

Cognitive, communication, and swallowing abilities

What stages of Alzheimers does an SLP work with

stage 1 or 2

What are some examples of social and emotional effects of cognitive disorders

decreased initiative, loss of interest in premorbid recreation, loss of spontaneity, increased immaturity, lack of self awareness, lowered self esteem, depression

Dysphagia impacts people at what age

across the lifespan

what is another name for dysphagia

swallowing disorder

What are the skills needed for an SLP

Conduct clinical and instrumental assessments, identify people at risk, develop intervention strategies, document care+discharge, provide education and counseling

what are three possible intervention strategies for dysphagia

safe feeding, swallowing precautions, therapeutic intervention

What are two clinical assessment an SLP will do for someone with Dysphagia

oral pharyngeal and respiratory

What are the four phases of swallowing

Oral preparatory, oral, pharyngeal, esphageal

What is a possible problem that may occur for someone in the oral preparatory phase of dysphagia

putting too big a bite

What are possible problems for someone with dysphagia in the oral phase

weak oral muscle, weak tip of tongue, premature spillage, pocketed food

Why I'd pocketed food a problem

food is stored in oral cavity which could lead to cavities or choking

Why is a weak tip of tongue a problem for someone who has dysphagia

they will be unable to create bolus to start next phase

what is premature spillage

glottis does not lift so food comes out of nose

What are possible problems someone with dysphagia will have in the pharyngeal phase

delayed swallowing, soft palate weakness, upper pharyngeal valve may not open to they cannot swallow, silent aspiration

what is silent aspiration

inability to cough up food when it goes down wrong pipe

why is silent aspiration a problem

it can lead to infection, pneumonia

What are possible problems for someone with dysphagia in the esopharyngeal phase

upper esopharyngeal sphincter may be unable to open long enough to keep food open, lower esopharyngeal valves is unable to relax to allow food to pass into stomach

how many pairs of muscles are used in swallowing

30-40 pairs of muscles

Before working with a patient who has dysphagia, an SLP must be aware of what three factors

wakefulness, brain functioning, muscular strength

Peristalsis definition

involuntary process of moving food to stomach

What are aquired causes of Dysphagia

stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease, MS, ALS, Alzheimers

what are developmental causes of dysphagia

cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy

What is the most common type of dysphagia

oropharyngeal dysphagia

what is the dysphagia that will cause more trouble with solids than liquids

Esopharyngeal Dysphagia

What is the rarest kind of dysphagia

Function Dysphagia

What are four anatomical structures related to swallowing

larynx, esophagus, trachea, pharynx

How is dysphagia and speech related

dysphagia impacts speech systems

True or False: an SLP who does not specialize in dysphagia can evaluate an individual who is experiencing problems eating and drinking

False

Who might be part of the interdisciplinary team treating Dysphagia

dietician, family

What will an SLP assess when treating a patient who has dysphagia

overview of medical conditions and symptoms, observation of posture behavior and oral movements, perform swallowing tests

what is the Gold Standard for assessing Dysphagia

Modified barium swallow

What is a limitation to the endoscopic assessment for someone who has dysphagia

you cannot see the swallow

What is the long term goal of dysphagia treatment

achieve safe and efficient swallowing to sustain nutrition and hydration daily

what are examples of compensatory strategies we may teach someone with dysphagia

small bites, changing posture, takings sips

what does treatment of dysphagia depend on

cause, symptoms, type

What are recommendations an SLP may make for someone who has dysphagia

specific swallowing treatment, positions/strategies to help the individual swallow more effectively, suggest specific food and liquid textures that are easier to swallow

What is involved in the post evaluation of someone who has dysphagia

role of family members to assist in treatment plan

How can a family member assist in facilitation of treatment plan

help in exercises, prepare recommended textures of food, keep track of how much food/liquid is consumed

What are some emotional and social effects of dysphagia

anxiety, panic attack about eating, frustration, feelings of isolation