Savanna Raica chapter 6 - myology

how many muscle are in the body

there are 650 skeletal muscles

what are 2 general characteristics of muscle

Excitability and contractility

what does excitability mean

capacity to generate electrical impulse

what dose contractility mean

the capacity to shorten in length

what are the only 2 cells in the body that exhibit excitability

muscle and nerve cells

what are the 3 functions of the muscle

voluntary movement, maintenance of body posture, and heat posture 

what is the tendon of origin commonly called 

ceps

what dose the tendon of origin connect to

they attach to the less movable structures

what dose the tendon of insertion commonly called 

tail

what dose the tendon of insertion connect to

they attach to more movable structures

what are the 3 layers of fascia

Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium

what dose somatic motor unit consist of

somatic motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates

what are proprioceptors

nerve receptors that we feel

what is agonist

muscle that cause a desired action 

what is a synergist muscle

muscle that act WITH an agonist

what is a antagonist muscle 

muscle that cause the OPPOSITE action of the agonist 

what is a fixator or stabilizers

muscles that stabilize body’s position and decrease unnecessary movement 

what are the characteristics of muscle that are used in maximal training

weight lifting, sprinting, and jumping 

what are the characteristics of muscle that are used in sub-maximal training

running, swimming, and biking 

what are frontals

they raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead

occipital oculi

they close the eyelid

occipital Oris

they puker the lips

Buccinator

the compress the checks when blowing

Platysma

pulls lower lip and jaw downwards

Zygomatic

smiling (raises corners of the mouth)

Superior Rectus 

elecates eyes up 

inferior rectus

depresses eyes down

medial rectus

rotates eyes medially/ in the midline

Lateral Rectus

rotated eyes lateral/ side to side

Temporalis

elevates mandible and thus close the jaw

Masseter (chewer)

synergist with the temporali / eleveates the mandible 

genioglossus

protracts / sticks out the tongue

styloglossus

retracts / pulls tongue back

what are the general characteristics of facial muscle 

all are superficial (cutaneous) muscles 

what nerves innervates the facial muscle

facial nerves 

what if the action of frontalis muscle

to raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead 

what muscle closes the eyelid

the occipital oculi

what muscle is responsible for blinking squinting and winking

the occipital oculi

what muscle puckers the lips

occipital Oris

what is the compression of the checks

Buccinator

what muscle pulls the lower lip downward 

platysma 

what is belly's palsy

a scientis that discovered people with a half paralyzed face

how many muscle move the eye

6 muscle

what muscle elevates the mandible

superior rectus

what nerves innervates the tongue 

hypoglossal nerve 

what are 2 characteristics of the muscle of the vertebral column

1). permit of the spine 2). stabilize (fixate) spine when moving limbs

what are the prevertebral muscle responsible for   

Flexion of spine pulls spine to one side

sternocleidomastoid

it flexes the neck

External oblique

flex the waist

internal oblique

flex the waist

transversus abdominis

flex at the waist

Rectus abdominis

flex at the waist 

Quadratus Lumborum

flex the waist

Iliopsoas

flex and extends at the waist

why is Iliopsoas called the switch hitter

it can flex and extend at the waist

spinius

extends the neck (antagonist of sternocleidomastoid)

what are the 3 muscle of the erector spinae

1). spinalis dorsi 2) longissimus dorsi 3). Iliocostalis

trapezius

The large muscle of the upper back consists of 3 portions the clavotrapezius, spinotrapezius, and acromiotrapezius

what is the 3 parts of the trapezius

clavicle, spine, and acromion process of the scapula

Rhomboideus

pulls the shoulder downwards towards the midline (synergist with trapezius)

Serratus Anterior (ventralis)

pulls the shoulder downwards towards the ribs

Biceps brachii

flexes the forearm and supinates the hand

brachialis

flexes the forearm

brachioradialis

flexes the forearm

triceps brachii

extend the forearm

flexor Carpi radialis

flex the thumb

palmaris longus

flex the middle finger

flexor Carpi ulnaris

flex the pinky

pronator teres

pronates the hand

Extensor Carpi radialis

extend the thumb

Extensor Carpi ulnaris

extend the pinky

Thennar eminence

thumb is able to touch every finger

Levator Ani

supports the pelvic organs

bulbocavernosus

consists of vaginal opening

tensor fascia lata

adducts the thigh towards the midline

Gluteus maximus

forms much mass of the buttocks in man

Quadriceps Femoris

extends the lower leg

Rectus Femoris

located on the mid-portion of the thigh

vastus lateralis

commonly used for intramuscular (IM) injections

vastus medialis

inner thigh muscle that extends the knee and stabilizes the knee cap

vastus intermedius

below the rectus femoris sartorius

sartorius

strap like muscle the extends diagonally

gracilis

appears as a very broad muscle in the cat ( also known as the dancer muscle)

Biceps Femoris

broder in cat then inn man

semitendinosus

a key hamstring muscle in the back of the thigh that bends your knee

semimembranosus

deep hamstring muscle in the back of the thigh that helps bend your knee

plantar fixation

flexor digitorum brevis

dorsiflexion

extensor digitorum brevis

tibialis anterior

located lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia

Extensor digitorum

located on the lateral aspect of the leg

gastrocnemius

this muscle possesses 2 large heads situated lateral to the midline of the calf

soleus

big calf muscle that is located deep under the calf muscle

flexor Digitorum Longus

a deep muscle located on the posteromedial aspect of the leg

Peroneus Longus

everts the foot