Adaptive Immune System Flashcards

Flashcards of key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes about the adaptive immune system.

T Cells

T cells finish maturation in the Thymus and have many roles in cell-mediated response.

B Cells

B Cells finish maturation in bone marrow and are involved in Humoral Immunity and the production of antibodies.

3rd Line of Defense

Adaptive Immune Response involving Lymphocytes (T & B cells) which start their development in the bone marrow

CD4 + T-cells

T-helper cell; Professional APC-cells that cut up pathogen and present a piece to the adaptive immune system

Non-professional APC-cells

Present an antigen about themselves; This tells the immune cell the state of the cell

MHC

Holder that presents the antigen to the adaptive immune system

MHC Class I

Every cell has them; presents cytoplasmic antigen (i.e. viral) or mutation; read by CD8 + T-cells

CD8 + T-cells

Responds to MHC 1. The cytotoxin cell will recognize and attack the cell

MHC Class II

Only present in professional APCs; Read by CD4 + T-cell which uses the info to help with immune response; Does not attack the professional APC

Antigen

A molecule that can trigger an immune response; B cell receptors recognize and attach to antigen; Fragments of the antigen are presented on MHC proteins on the surface of the cell

B cell activation

The activated B cell begins clonal expansion, producing antibody-producing plasma cells and memory cells

B cell receptors

Recognize and attach to antigen.

B cell proliferation

Some cells proliferated into long-lived memory cells, which at a later date can be stimulated to become antibody-producing plasma cells. Some proliferated into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into circulation.

Polyclonal antibody

Different clones of plasma cells that release different antibodies that each recognize a unique epitope

Agglutination

The antibodies bind several antigens together

Opsonization

The antibody binded to the antigen will trigger phagocytosis; Basically a marker for a target

Activation of Complement System

Antibodies can activate it

Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity

Antibody guides eosinophil to a parasite

Neutralize

Antibody can neutralize toxins

Oligomeric State

The number and arrangement of subunits or monomers

Monocomal

A lab made antibody

Cytotoxic T-cells (CD8 + T-cells)

Responds to MHC I; Cell expresses MHC 1 -displays antigen; MHC 1 interacts with T-helper I -TH1 releases cytokine; Cytotoxic T-cell gets activated & turned into memory cell

TH1

A CD4+ T cell that helps with initiate cell-mediated immunity

TH2

Secretes IL-4 -> activate mast cells, basophils, eosinophil allergy & parasite

TH17

Secretes IL-17 - activates neutrophils, & unregulates inflamation

Regulatory T-cells

Terminates B & T cells that target healthy cells

T cell activation

A Naïve CD4+ T-helper (T) cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex through its T-cell Receptor (TCR). The APC produces 'non-antigen-specific' costimulatory molecules which helps activate the interacting naïve T-helper cells.

CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) T-Cells

Engineering T-Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy; A patient's leukocytes are collected by apheresis

Allogenic CAR-T-cell

An over the counter method of receiving Car-T-cells

Allergen

A molecule that can cause allergic reaction

Allergen process

Allergen -> APCMHCI-> TH2 -> turn on Bell B cell-> IgE -> Histamine

IgG

Most abundant antibody that is is apart of humoral immunity and placental barrier

IgA

Second most abundant antibody that is monomer or dimer. It is secreted in saliva and GI tract

IgM

Pentamer form and is first to be secreted with initial pathogen contact

IgD

Monomer structure and is on the surface of B cells

IgE

Monomer and is attached to basophils and mast cells because they help with allergic reactions