Methods of Visualization

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20 Terms

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Descriptive Statistics
Statistical methods used to summarize and describe the main features of a data set.
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Measures of Central Tendency
Statistics that describe the center of a data set, including mean, median, and mode.
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Measures of Variability
Statistics that describe the dispersion or spread of a data set, such as range and standard deviation.
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Standard Deviation
A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.
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Frequency Distribution
A way to organize data to show how often each value occurs.
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Grouped Frequency Distribution
A frequency distribution in which data are binned into ranges.
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Histogram
A graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data, similar to a bar graph.
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Cumulative Frequency Curve
A line graph showing the cumulative frequency of each range of data.
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Stem-and-Leaf Plot
A method of displaying quantitative data in which the stem is the leading digit(s) and the leaf is the last digit.
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Box-and-Whisker Plot
A graphical representation that summarizes data based on a five-number summary: minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum.
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Interquartile Range (IQR)
A measure of statistical dispersion, it is the difference between the first and third quartiles.
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Normal Distribution
A bell-shaped distribution where most values cluster around a central peak, with symmetrical tails.
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Bimodal Distribution
A distribution with two different modes or peaks.
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Positively Skewed Distribution
A distribution with a long tail on the right side, indicating that there are a few extreme high values.
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Negatively Skewed Distribution
A distribution with a long tail on the left side, indicating that there are a few extreme low values.
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Outlier
An extremely high or low value in a data set that differs significantly from other observations.
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Mean
The average value of a set of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum of the values by the number of values.
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Median
The middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending order.
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Mode
The value or values that occur most frequently in a data set.
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Bin Range
The intervals used to group continuous data in a frequency distribution or histogram.