Operating Systems and Command Line Interfaces - Review

Question-and-answer flashcards covering OS concepts, OS types, CLI vs GUI, Windows CMD, and Linux terminal commands based on the provided notes.

What is an operating system (OS) and what are its primary roles?

An OS is system software that manages hardware and software resources, provides essential services for applications, and acts as a mediator between the user and the hardware to run programs and enable user interaction.

Name three core functions of an operating system listed in the notes.

Process scheduling; Memory management; Input/Output operations; File system control; Device communication; and ensuring multiple applications can run without interfering with each other.

What are the major families of operating systems with examples mentioned in the notes?

Windows (Microsoft Windows), macOS (Apple), Linux, Unix; Android is powered by Linux.

Which MacOS versions are mentioned and what is notable about Sonoma?

Catalina, Big Sur, Monterey are noted as older versions; Sonoma is mentioned as offering enhanced features.

What is a Command Line Interface (CLI) and what can it do for users?

A text-based interface that lets users perform tasks by entering commands; can scan for suspicious files, check network security, and perform tasks that GUI can also do; it can be faster and easily automated.

What is the Windows command line interface officially called, and what are its alternatives?

Official name: Command Prompt (CMD or cmd.exe). Alternative names seen in notes include CMD.

How do you open the Windows Command Prompt?

Open via Start menu by typing 'Command Prompt' or 'CMD', or press Windows + R to open Run and type CMD.

Name four main cybersecurity uses for CMD listed in the notes.

Automating security tasks; Troubleshooting security incidents; Configuring advanced security settings; Managing network security.

What does the Windows color command do and what does color 17 specify?

The color command changes CMD color; color 17 sets blue background (1) and white text (7).

What does the Dir command do in Windows CMD?

Lists files and folders in the current location.

What does the Cd command do in Windows CMD?

Changes the current directory.

What does the Type command do?

Displays the contents of a text file.

What does the Copy command do and why is it used in analysis?

Copies files; used to preserve the original data during analysis.

What does the Del command do?

Deletes a specified file.

What does the Mkdir command do?

Creates a new folder/directory.

What does the Whoami command show?

Shows the current logged-in user.

What does the Net User command do?

Lists user accounts on the system.

What does the Ipconfig command do?

Displays network settings.

What is the Ping command used for?

Tests if another system or site is reachable (network availability).

How can you access the Run box and open CMD on Windows?

Press Windows + R to open Run, then type CMD.

What is the Linux Terminal commonly referred to as?

The terminal, the Linux command line interface used for direct interaction with the OS.

List the main cybersecurity uses of the Linux terminal mentioned in the notes.

Automating security tasks; Monitoring and analyzing system logs; Configuring network and firewall settings; Troubleshooting security incidents.

Name the basic Linux commands introduced: PWD, LS, CD, Mkdir, RM, Man, Tab Completion.

PWD prints the working directory; LS lists files/directories; CD changes directory; Mkdir creates a directory; RM removes files; Man shows command manuals; Tab Completion autocompletes commands.

What does PWD stand for and what does it do?

Print Working Directory; shows the current directory.

What does LS do and how can you see more details about files?

LS lists files and directories; use ls -l to see file size and modification details.

What does CD [directory] do in Linux?

Changes the current working directory to the specified directory.

What does Mkdir [directory_name] do in Linux?

Creates a new directory.

What does RM [filename] do in Linux?

Deletes the specified file.

What does Man command do in Linux?

Displays the manual for a command.

What is Tab Completion in the Linux shell?

Hit Tab after partially typing to auto-complete the rest of the command or path.

What does Cat [filename] do in Linux?

Displays the contents of a file in the terminal.

What does Touch [filename] do in Linux?

Creates a new empty file.

What is the difference between CLI and GUI as described in the notes?

CLI involves interacting by typing commands; GUI uses buttons, graphics, and icons. CLI typically uses less memory and can be faster, while GUI uses more memory, presents graphics, and supports higher multitasking; CLI offers greater control, accuracy, and automation.