micro 7.2 pt 2
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30 Terms
What is a polysaccharide?
A carbohydrate made of many monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.
What are the two major functions of polysaccharides?
Energy storage and structural support.
What is starch?
The primary storage polysaccharide in plants.
What monosaccharide makes up starch?
Glucose.
What are the two forms of starch?
Amylose and amylopectin.
What is amylose?
A straight-chain polymer of glucose.
What is amylopectin?
A branched polymer of glucose.
What is glycogen?
The primary storage polysaccharide in animals.
How does glycogen differ from starch?
Glycogen is more highly branched than starch.
Why is glycogen highly branched?
It allows glucose to be released quickly for energy.
Where is glycogen stored in animals?
In the liver and skeletal muscles.
What is cellulose?
A structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.
What monosaccharide makes up cellulose?
Glucose.
Why can't humans digest cellulose?
Humans do not produce the enzyme cellulase.
What is cellulase?
An enzyme that breaks down cellulose into glucose.
Which organisms commonly produce cellulase?
Many bacteria, fungi, and some protists.
What is chitin?
A structural polysaccharide composed of modified glucose molecules.
Where is chitin found?
Fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons.
What is peptidoglycan?
A carbohydrate-containing polymer that forms bacterial cell walls.
Which organisms have peptidoglycan cell walls?
Bacteria.
What gives bacterial cell walls their rigidity?
Peptidoglycan.
Why are structural polysaccharides important?
They provide support, protection, and shape.
Which polysaccharide stores energy in plants?
Starch.
Which polysaccharide stores energy in animals?
Glycogen.
Which polysaccharide provides structure in plants?
Cellulose.
Which polysaccharide provides structure in fungi?
Chitin.
Which polysaccharide provides structure in bacteria?
Peptidoglycan.
What type of reaction forms polysaccharides from monosaccharides?
Dehydration synthesis.
What type of reaction breaks polysaccharides into monosaccharides?
Hydrolysis.
Why are polysaccharides important to microorganisms?
They serve as energy reserves and form structural components such as bacterial and fungal cell walls.