The National Grid: Electricity: Physics: GCSE (9:1)

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14 Terms

1
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National Grid

A system of cables and transformers linking power stations to consumers

<p>A system of cables and transformers linking power stations to consumers</p>
2
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What the National Grid does

Connects power stations to homes, workplaces and public buildings all around the country

<p>Connects power stations to homes, workplaces and public buildings all around the country</p>
3
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Transformer

An electrical device that changes the potential difference of an alternating current

<p>An electrical device that changes the potential difference of an alternating current</p>
4
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Structure of a transformer

Two coils of wire wrapped around a magnetic core

<p>Two coils of wire wrapped around a magnetic core</p>
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Step-up transformer

A transformer used to increase the potential difference from the power station to the transmission cables

<p>A transformer used to increase the potential difference from the power station to the transmission cables</p>
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Step-down transformer

A transformer used to decrease the potential difference to a much lower value for domestic use

<p>A transformer used to decrease the potential difference to a much lower value for domestic use</p>
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Generator

A device found in power stations that transfers kinetic energy to electrical energy

<p>A device found in power stations that transfers kinetic energy to electrical energy</p>
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Transmission lines

Cables used to carry electricity long distances via the National Grid

<p>Cables used to carry electricity long distances via the National Grid</p>
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Energy dissipated by transmission lines

wasted energy transferred to the surroundings due to an electric current flowing through the cables and causing them to get hotter

<p>wasted energy transferred to the surroundings due to an electric current flowing through the cables and causing them to get hotter </p>
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P = I²R

The equation linking power (dissipated), current and resistance

<p>The equation linking power (dissipated), current and resistance</p>
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How to reduce the energy dissipated from transmission lines

1) thick cables which have a low resistance
2) high potential difference to reduce the current passing through them

12
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25,000 V

The potential difference of the electricity produced in power stations

<p>The potential difference of the electricity produced in power stations</p>
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400,000 V

The potential difference that electricity is stepped to before it is transmitted across the country

<p>The potential difference that electricity is stepped to before it is transmitted across the country</p>
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230 V

The potential difference that electricity is stepped down to before it is delivered to houses

<p>The potential difference that electricity is stepped down to before it is delivered to houses</p>