11.4 Post-Civil War Era

What were the three Constitutional amendements passed during Reconstruction?

13th Amendment (abolished slavery)

14th Amendment (granted citizenship and equal protection under law)

15th Amendment (gave voting rights to African American men)

What were Black Codes and what was their purpose?

Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict African Americans’ rights and maintain white supremacy, despite the constitutional amendments granting them freedom

What was the Freedmen’s Bureau and what did it do?

The Freedmen’s Bureau was a government agency that helped formerly enslaved people build independent lives by creating educational institutions and supporting their political participation

What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

This Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine, effectively legitimizing Jim Crow laws

How did the Compromise of 1877 affect African Americans?

It ended Reconstruction by removing federal troops from the South, leading to decreased protection of African American rights and increased racial discrimination

Who was Susan B. Anthony and what did she fight for?

She was a leading woman’s rights activist who fought for voting and property rights for woman, as woman were excluded from the protections of the 14th and 15th amendments

What was the Dawes Act of 1887?

A federal policy that attempted to forcibly assimilate Native Americans by breaking up tribal lands into individual allotments and requiring adoption of European American farming practices

What was the Carlisle Indian School?

A school representing forced acculturation efforts where Native American children were sent to abandon their cultural traditions and adopt European American customs and practices

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

The first major law restricting immigration to the United States, specifically prohibiting Chinese laborers from entering the country due to nativist opposition

How did the Treaty of Guadalipe Hidalgo affect Mexican Americans?

Despite the treaty’s promises of rights and protections, Mexican Americans faced discrimination and loss of land rights in the Southwest from 1848 to 1900