Gastrointestinal system

Ch. 18 CP

alimentary

another name for the gastrointestinal tract

Brunner (duodenal glands)

produce alkaline substance that helps neutralize acid contents of the stomach. perform same function as pyloric glands in the same stomach

cardiac (esophageal) orifice

marks the junction of the greater and lesser curvature of the stomach and the entrance of the esophagus into the stomach

cholecystokinin

hormone released by stimulation of fat in the intestine; acts to contract the gallbladder and helps with stomach emptying.

duodenal bulb

first, or superior, portion of the duodenum

gastrin

hormone released from the stomach that stimulates gastric acid secretion

gastrocolic ligament

attached to the transverse colon, the apron-like part of the greater omentum

gastrophrenic ligament

attached to the diaphragm, the posterior segment of the stomach fundus and the esophagus, it marks the superior segment of the greater omentum

gastrosplenic ligament

connects the greater curvature fundus and fundus of the stomach with the splenic hilum; also known as the gastrolienal ligament, it marks the left part of the greater omentum

greater omentum

a double layer of peritoneum that attaches the greater curvature of the stomach to the colon and drapes anteriorly over the stomach and intestines

gut signature

characteristic appearance of the bowel on ultrasound, where up to five layers of bowel wall can be visualized

houstra

small pouches or recesses throughout the colon resulting from sacculations caused by the teniae coli, the longitudinal bands or ribbons through which smooth muscle fibers course in the center of the colon.

retroperitoneal organs

Fixed in their location and include: second and third parts of duodenum, ascending colon, pancreas, kidneys, descending colon, middle third of rectum, adrenal glands, proximal ureters, gonadal blood vessels, renal vessels, IVC, aorta, uterine cervix, prostate, urinary bladder 

peritoneal organs

Generally mobile and include: stomach, first part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse upper third of rectum, lover, spleen, fallopian tubes, ovaries