operant conditioning- partial reinforcement operant conditioning

operant conditioning

learning to accosiate behavior with its consequences ( reinforcements or punishments)

law of effect

if the consequences of behavior are pleasant the behavior will be strengthened. if the consequences are unpleasant te behavior will be weakened

shaping

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior closer and closer toward the desired goal

reinforcement

anything that makes a behavior more likely to occur

positive reinforcement

addition of something pleasant ( food )

negative reinforcement

removal of something unpleasant ( stopping an electrical shock )

primary reinforcer

those innately satisfying rewards, satisfies a biological need ( food, relief from shock )

secondary reinforcer

something that one learns in reinforcing because its accosiated with a primary reinforcer ( money to buy food )

punishment

anything that makes behavior less likely to occur

positive punishment

the addition of something unpleasant ( having to do push ups )

negative punishment

the removal of something pleasant ( having your phone taken away )

reinforcement descrimination

reinforcing behavior in the presence of one stimulus but not other ( skinner taught pigeons to peck buttons in response to mozart’s music but not more modern music )

reinforcement generalization

a behavior that was reinforced in the presence of one stimulus is demonstrated in the presence of other, similar stimuli ( pigeons peck buttons when images of flowers are shown )

superstitious behaviors

occurs when consequences reinforce unrelated behaviors

learned helplessness

animals that have no way to stop a punishment will learn that they cannot stop the punishment and will stop trying

instinctive drift

animals will revert back to biologically predisposed behaviors after learning behaviors such as those displayed at the circus

continuos reinforcement

reinforcing desired behavior every time it occurs

partial reinforcement

reinforcing response only part of the time