Fluency with Information Technology - Chapter 7

digitize

To represent information with digits

collating sequence

To place information in order by using symbols (other than digits), we need to agree on an ordering for the basic symbols

information

The presence or absence of a phenomenon at a specific place and time

PandA

Mnemonic for presence and absence

Bit

The information produced in one presence or absence observation

Binary number system

Numbers represented in base 2

Hexadecimal number system

Numbers represented in base 16

Radix

The "base" of a numbering system

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Byte

Standard unit for computer memory

UTF-8 (Unicode Translation Format)

Encodes symbols using one to four bytes of data

Nibble

4 bits (half of a byte)

NATO broadcast alphabet

used in air traffic communication, encodes letters as words

UPC

Universal Product Code

Metadata

Information that describes information

Parity

refers to whether a number is even or odd

Extended ASCII

An 8-bit character set consisting of 256 characters

PandA representation is what kind of system?

Binary

16

How many symbols can be represented by 4 bits?

tags

What was used to help structure the digitized Oxford English dictionary?

collating sequence

What defines how characters relate to each other when they are compared?

adopt one as present and all the other alternatives as absent

When using physical phenomena to encode information, name one potential solution if there are more than two alternatives

2^k (2 to the power of K)

K bits in a sequence yield how many symbols?

pits or bumps

Encodes information on DVDs and CDs

Hex

Grouping binary digits in groups of four makes converting to ______ easier

black and white

Information is said to be ______, or distinct

base; radix

The number of digits is the _____ or the _______ of the numbering system

bits

The more symbols you want, the more ______ you need