anaerboic Respiration, Fermenation, and Biomolecule Catabolism Notes

Is anaerobic respiration just fermentation? Why or why not?

No, some prokaryotes use an electron transport chain but do not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor. They use some other electronegative material such as sulfate. They then produce hydrogen sulfide as a waste product.

What kind of cells use fermentation?

Prokaryotes, animal muscle cells, yeast

What are the products of fermentation?

Either lactic acid(from lactic acid fermentation) or ethanol(alcohol fermentation)

Why is fermentation used?

Used when there is a lack of oxygen, and it helps regenerate NAD+

What happens when animal muscle cells start using fermentation?

They increase their use of glucose

What happens to lactate in fermentation?

Carried to the liver - turned back into pyruvate and sent through aerobic respiration

What do carbohydrates go through in terms of catabolism?

Hydrolysis to glucose and sent through glycolysis

What do proteins go through in terms of catabolism?

Digested to amino acids; amino group must be removed, enzymes convert them into intermediates that are sent through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Beta oxidation

Breaking the fatty acids into 2 carbon fragments which enter the Citric Acid Cycle as acetyl CoA

What do lipids go through in terms of catabolism?

• Digested to glycerol and fatty acids

• Glycerol is converted to an intermediate in glycolysis

• Intermediate is then processed through beta oxidation

What products come from beta oxidation?

NADH and FADH2

What are the intermediates of glycolysis?

The ten molecules that are created as glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules

Why do lipids transfer about twice as much energy as a carbohydrate or a protein in terms of catabolism?

Lots of energy in the bonds of the C-H in the fatty acid tails