Final Abd 1

Phagocytosis 

As a defense, your spleen helps in the destruction and removal of microorganisms by a process called…

The space between your kidney and the spleen.

The splenial renal recess, what is that area known as?

Infection

The causes of congestive splenomegaly are all of the following except?

white and red pulp

What is the spleen is composed of?

Right near the hilum.

When there is an accessory spleen, that is present. Where is it usually found?

The left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen.

Which one of the following statements will correctly describe the anatomic location of structures that are adjacent to the spleen? 

lipase

A 34-year-old male presents with right upper quadrant pain and recurrent attacks of pancreatitis. His laboratory values indicate an increase in…

Produces amylase

All of the following are the endocrine functions of the pancreas, except These are the endocrine functions. Produces insulin. Produces amylase. Produces glycogen. Or regulate sugar metabolism, all of the following, except? 

The Ismes

All of the following are the parts of the pancreas except…

medial to the duodenum

 The head of the pancreas lies….

Retro peritoneum

The majority of the pancreas lies within which cavity?

the aorta and IVC

What are the major posterior vascular landmarks of the pancreas? 

It's all of the above (a alcoholism B trauma. C, cystic fibrosis or D. All of the above)

 What are the causes of chronic pancreatitis?

GDA

Which structure lies anterior lateral to the head of the pancreas?

Colon

A diverticulum is most common in the…..

appendicitis

 

A young male patient with rebound tenderness, an elevated white blood cell count, a fever, and paraumbilical and right lower quadrant pain. What is the likely diagnosis? 

Infection

All of the following are the causes of hernias except….

the pleural Sac

All of the following are the compartments of the peritoneal cavity except……

Kidney

All of the following structures are intraperitoneal, except…

cirrhosis of the liver.

Causes of extrudate ascites include all of the following except…

posterior to left lower the liver

Sonographically the gastroesophageal Junction can be visualized…. 

Trichobezoar

The categories of gastric bezoars include all of the following except….

Mcbarney's point

The area where the appendix is located on the abdominal wall, what is that location?

gastrin

The hormone secreted by the stomach is…

All of the above (umbilical , inguinal, femoral)

 

The most common areas where abdominal hernias occur are….

lymphoma

 

The most common tumor of the gastrointestinal tract in children under 10 years of age is…

the space between the parietal and visceral layer of the peritoneum. 

The peritoneal cavity is it a space between the liver and kidney?

cholecystokinin

Which hormone is secreted by the duodenum when fatty food is eaten?

a duplication cyst

 

Which one of the following is an embryologic mistake?

ascites

All of the following are causes of retroperitoneal fibrosis except…

 a biloma

An extrahepatic loculated fluid collection that may develop because of spontaneous rupture of the biliary tree is called…

elevated liver function

Clinical signs and symptoms of infection include all of the following except …

a benign fibrous neoplasm of Aponeurotic structures

A desmoid tumor is….

dependent

Fluid collects in the most ____________ areas of the abdomen and pelvis.

anechoic patterns with smooth borders

Inflammatory or malignant ascities demonstrate all the following characteristics except…

greater omentum.

The _______  is able to adhere to disease organs.

Gastrosplenic

The left lateral extension of the greater omentum that connects the gastric Greater curvature of the superior splenic hilum is called. ________ Ligament.

liver, pancreas and stomach

The lesser sac is the space between….

hepatic recess and perihepatic spaces.

 

The most common sight of abdominal abscess formation is the……. 

floating bowel loops

Transudate ascites may be associated with….. 

nephroblastoma.

A four-year-old boy presents with high blood pressure, hematuria and a palpable left flank mass. An ultrasound examination is performed. A solid renal mass is identified. This finding is most characteristic of each of the following….

Utero pelvic Junction obstruction

A congenital obstruction found in utero and in infants is called an….

A ureter seal

A cyst like enlargement of the distal end of the ureter, is called….

.The same as a normal kidney. 

A normal functioning transplanted kidney will appear sonographically as which of the following…

 

Morrisons pouch 

The potential space between the liver Edge and the right kidney is called….

Bilateral, small and ecogenic kidneys. 

Adult polycystic disease may be characterized by all of the following, except…

It occurs in patients, who are on dialysis. 

All of the following statements are correct for acute glomeruli nephritis except….

Fluid-filled Pelayo

Identify the sonographic pattern that best describes hydronephrosis

Renal vein

Renal cell carcinoma commonly invades the IVC by way of the…..

Wilms tumor.

The most common solid renal mass found in childhood under one to eight years is…

Normal renal veins

What is the hypertrophied column of Bertin?

Adenoma. 

What is the most common cortical renal mass?

Renal cell carcinoma.

What is the most common type of renal malignant tumor?

pelvis

Where are transplanted kidneys Usually placed?

Obstructive hydronephrosis. 

 

Which of the following is the absence of a urinal jet consistent with.…

 jaundice.

Which of the following is not a clinical sign of renal disease..

Phrygian cap

The gallbladder that folds near the neck of the fungus is called…

cholecystitis 

 

 A positive Murphy sign is a clinical finding associated with…

Hematuaria 

The classic symptoms of gallbladder disease include all of the following except…

acalculous cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder without stones is called….

6mm 

The diameter of the common bowel duct till the age of 60 years is approximately _____ millimeters.

 

The main lobar fissure

The bright linear Echo within the liver, connecting the gallbladder and the right or main portal is ….

mobile Hyperechoic demonstrating posterior shadowing.

 

The sonographic appearance of cholelithiasis is best described as…. 

A reservoir for bile

Which of the following is a function of the gallbladder? 

  Sludge

Which of the following is most characteristic of non-shadowing, Low-amplitude Echoes in a dependent gallbladder?

Hepatic veins

What are the largest major Visceral tributaries of the IVC?

Less than three centimeters.

What is a normal measurement of your proximal aorta?

celiac truck/axis

What is the name of the first anterior branch of the abdominal aorta? 

Three centimeters.

When an AAA (abdominal aorta aneurysm)  is present  when the diameter of the abdominal aorta exceeds…

Tunica Intima

The inner wall of a vessel closest to the passing blood is the…

Arthrosclerosis. 

The most common cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm is…..

Hepatic veins and IVC

A patient is sent to ultrasound to rule out Budd Chiari syndrome which of the vessels require careful interrogation…

Hepatopetal

 

You're asked to perform an abdominal doppler of the portal vein. What will be the direction of blood flow in this patient?

Diabetes

All the following are the risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm except….

hepatocellular carcinoma 

An elderly male was sent for a right upper quadrant scan. He is a very vague history. Upon looking at his blood reports. The sonographer finds his LFTs are elevated, his liver function tests are elevated with increased levels of Alpha-fetoprotein. High levels of Alpha-fetoprotein is very specific for….

It is posterior to the ligamentum venosum and anterior to the IVC

The caudate lobe of the liver is….

 

Alcohol and obesity

The leading cause of fatty infiltration of the liver are…..

homogenous

The liver should be _________ in sonographic appearance….

In glycogen storage disease, type one is the most common and is also known as…

Von Gierke disease

The most common tumor of the liver in early childhood is….

hepatoblastoma