Keplers laws

Ellipse

the shape of the pathway that planets orbit in

Eccentricity

the measurement of how elongated a closed circle is

0

the eccentricity of a perfect circle

e = d / L

the correct formula for determining the eccentricity of an ellipse

Earth Years

the orbital period of revolution measured in

Astronomical Units

What is distance in our solar system measured in

A

Where on the diagram is the planet at perihelion?

C

Where on the diagram is the planet at aphelion?

A

Where on the diagram would the planet be orbiting the fastest?

C

At what location is the planet orbiting the slowest?

150 million kilometers

What is the Earth's average distance from the sun?

Venus

Which of the following has an orbital period most similar to Earth's?

3rd law

Which of Kepler's Laws explains:

Mercury has a shorter orbital period than Neptune

2nd Law

Which of Kepler's Laws explains:

Each planet revolves around the sun with equal area in equal time.

1st law

Which of Kepler's Laws explains:

The greater the eccentricity, the more elongated an ellipse is.

3rd law

Which of Kepler's Laws explains:

Earth is 1 AU from the sun and has an orbital period of 1 Earth year.

2nd law

Which of Kepler's Laws explains:

The closer a planet’s orbit is to the sun, the faster it completes a revolution.

3rd law

Which of Kepler's Laws explains:

Orbital periods are proportionate to the distance from the sun.

1st law

Which of Kepler's Laws explains:

e = d ÷ l

1st law

Which of Kepler's Laws explains:

Planets orbit in an ellipse with the sun at one focus.

2nd law

Which of Kepler's Laws explains:

Planets orbit faster at perihelion and slower at aphelion.

Electrostatics

charge accumulates on objects.  Objects interact based on their charge.

Charges

What do the interactions of object based on?

Electrical current

charge flows through a circuit. 

On what objects are in the circuit and how the objects are connected

What are charge flows based on?

the atomic level

Where does charge come from?

Protons charge

+

Electrons charge

-

in the nucleus of an atom

Where do protons and neutrons exist in

tightly bound

How do protons and neutrons fit in the nucleus

an electron cloud around the nucleus

Where are electrons found

not tightly bound

Can electrons move in the electron cloud?

none

Neutrons charge

having the same number of protons and electrons

When are atoms neutral

It makes it negative

What happens when you add electrons to an object

makes it positive

What happens when you remove electrons to an object

size and sign

What does the force of objects depend on?

repel

pos + pos charge

repel

neg + neg charge

attracts

pos + neg charge

they need to be charged

What do both objects need to have for there to be an electrostatic force between them

Columb’s law

the force experienced by two charged particles (q₁ and q₂) is directly proportional to the product of their electric charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

mass

What are gravitational forces directly proportional to

inverse square of the distance.

What are gravitational forces proportional to

there does not need to be  contact between the two objects

Gravitational forces act at a distance.  What does this mean?

a place where a force is felt.

Gravitational forces are field forces.  What is meant by a field?

arrows pointing the way the field would push/pull an object.

How can a field be represented?

mass

What creates a gravitational field?

between any 2 masses in a straight line

Where do gravitational forces act?

Towards each other

Which direction do gravitational forces act?

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is

F_g = m g

when you are calculating the gravitational force from Earth (or a planet) where g is known.

calculating gravitational forces between other objects.

F_g = G m₁ m₂ / r²

always along a line connecting the centers of mass.

what direction does the gravitational force go