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Eastern thought emphasizes social relationships and harmony, while Western thought values individualism and autonomy.

distinction between Eastern and Western thought regarding the self

Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.

What are the three main schools of thought in Eastern philosophy regarding the self

Li refers to the underlying reason and order of nature as reflected in its organic forms, serving as a guide to human action.

In Confucianism, what does 'li' refer to

Jen means human heartedness, goodness, and benevolence; it embodies what makes humans distinctively human.

What does 'jen' mean in Confucianism

The Confucian self is focused on social commitment and harmonious relationships, often repressing personal needs for the good of the many.

How does Confucianism view the self in relation to society?

Taoism emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao, where the self is seen as part of the universe and should act spontaneously in balance with nature.

What is the central idea of Taoism regarding the self?

Buddhism teaches that the self is an illusion, producing harmful desires and attachments, and is the source of suffering.

to Buddhism, what is the nature of the self?

Individualism values the needs of the individual over the group, emphasizing independence and autonomy.

What does individualism value in Western thought

Freedom is the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint.

definition of freedom in Western thought?

The right to Life includes the right to be alive, to flourish, and to experience all stages of existence.

right to Life entail?

The right to Liberty is the freedom to make choices and to live one's life without unnecessary restrictions.

What is meant by the right to Liberty?

Happiness is the openness within one's heart that allows for a sense of oneness, freedom, gratitude, and joy.

How is Happiness defined in the context of Western thought?

The pursuit of Happiness is the right to seek and maintain a state of open-heartedness and fulfillment.

What is the significance of pursuing Happiness in Western culture?

The Tao is the source, pattern, and substance of everything that exists, guiding individuals to live harmoniously.

What is the ideal self according to Taoism?

The subdued self refers to personal needs being repressed for the greater good of society.

What does the term 'subdued self' refer to in Confucianism?

Success is often defined by individual achievements and personal fulfillment.

How does Western culture typically define success?