Pathology Quiz 3

Pathology Quiz 3 / Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science / Exam date: 02/10/25

Degeneration

Intracellular deterioration of tissues with corresponding function impairment as a result of disease or injury

Cellular swelling

An acute reversible change resulting as a response to nonlethal injuries

An intracytoplasmic accumulation of water due to incapacity of the cells to maintain the ionic and homeostasis

Degeneration occurs when they take on too much water and simply rupture and fall apart

Fatty degeneration

Accumulation of fat globules within the cells of a bodily organ, such as the liver or harem resulting in deterioration of tissue and diminished functioning of the affected organ

Also called steatosis

Amyloid disease (amyloidosis)

A rare disease that occurs when a substance called amyloid builds up in your organs

Amyloid is an abnormal protein that is produced in your bone marrow and can be deposited in any tissue or organ

Infiltration

Intracellular passage and accumulation of a substance into cells, tissues, or organs

Pigmentation

Deposit of pigment within the tissue

Endogenous

• Freckles (melanin)

• Jaundice (bilirubin)

Exogenous

• Keratinemia

  • Eat too many carrots, skin gets orangish color

• Pneumoconiosis

  • Inhaled and deposited in lung (black lung)

• Tattoos

Calcification

Abnormal disposition of calcium salts, together with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, and other mineral salts

Shows up in blood vessels

Gout

A form of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the bloodstream

The symptoms of gout are due to the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints and the body’s response to them

Necrosis

The pathological death of cells, tissues, or organs while still part of a living organism

An infarct or lack of blood due to a closed blood vessel can cause the tissue death

Gangrene is caused when bacteria enters this dead or necrotic tissue

Moist/wet gangrene

Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria

The blood and fluids can get into the area but can't get out

Dry gangrene

Dry or ischemic necrosis, a necrotic tissue due to a reduction in arterial blood supply to a body part that remains aseptic

Blood and fluids cannot get to the tissue but the veins are still taking away any fluids that are present

Gas gangrene

The formation of air bubbles in the tissue

Gas gangrene develops suddenly

Usually occurs at the sight of trauma or a recent surgical wound

In some cases, it occurs without and irritating event

People at most risk usually have blood vessel disease, diabetes, or colon cancer

Caseous gangrene

Appears as a cheese-like mass resulting from tissue destruction

It is actually a collection of dead cells

Internal

Atrophy

A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue

Physiological atrophy

General physiological process of reabsorption and breakdown of tissues, involving apoptosis

(Supposed to happen)

Apoptosis

The death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth or development

Pathological atrophy

When it occurs as a result of disease or loss of trophic support due to other diseases

(Not supposed to happen)

Hypertrophy

The enlargement of an organ or tissue due to the increase in size of cells composing it

Compensatory hypertrophy

Demonstrated when one kidney fails or was missing at birth, the other will enlarge to help meet the needs of the body

Pathological hypertrophy

Most often associated with a myocardial infarction or a heart attack or disease

Physiological hypertrophy

Characterized by a normal organization of cardiac structure and normal or enhanced cardiac function

Sports training

Hyperplasia

The increased size of an organ or tissue due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of the cells composing it

Enlargement of the prostate gland, mammary glands during pregnancy

Regeneration

The replacement of damaged cells with normal cells of the same type

• Muscle regenerates slow

• Skin heals fast

• Nerves heal the slowest