RPH chap 2

The name given to the archipelago by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in 1542, named after Prince Phillip II of Spain.

Philippines

Originally referred to Spaniards born in the Philippines, but later used to describe native-born individuals in the archipelago.

Filipino

A localized settlement or community in the Philippines, derived from the Austronesian term "balangay," which means a sea-going vessel.

Barangay

A local spiritual leader in the Visayas, often a female, who led rituals and spiritual practices in the barangay.

Babaylan

The equivalent of a babaylan in Luzon, particularly in Tagalog areas, who also performed spiritual leadership roles.

Catalonan

The term used by Visayans to refer to deities or spirits in their belief system.

Diwata

The term used by Tagalogs to refer to their deities or ancestral spirits.

Anito

A Neolithic burial jar found in Palawan, significant for its representation of early Filipino beliefs in the afterlife.

Manunggul Jar

A Franciscan missionary known for documenting early Filipino customs and beliefs, author of the Doctrina Christiana.

Fray Juan de Plasencia

The most powerful deity in the early Tagalog pantheon, considered the creator of the universe.

Bathala

The deity of fertility and agriculture among the early Tagalogs.

Lacapati

The patron goddess of lovers and childbirth in early Filipino beliefs.

Dian Masalanta

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

A comprehensive account of the Philippines written by Antonio de Morga, detailing the political, economic, and cultural life of early Filipinos.

A late 16th-century manuscript that provides detailed accounts of early Filipino customs, beliefs, and practices.

Boxer Codex

The dowry system practiced among the Visayans, where the groom pays a sum to the bride's parents before marriage.

Bigaycaya

Cultural practices involving penis pins and rings used by men in early Filipino society, symbolizing egalitarianism and women's autonomy.

Tugbuk and Sakra

A traditional betel chew made from betel leaves, lime, and bonga, commonly consumed in pre-colonial Philippines.

Nganga

An earthen jar used by early Visayans for storing food, also used in sacrificial rituals.

Pitarillas

The first book printed in the Philippines, written by Fray Juan de Plasencia to aid in the Christianization of the natives.

Doctrina Christiana

An oral tradition that explains the origins of the world and humanity, reflecting the beliefs and values of the Bicolano people.

Bicol Creation Myth