Muscle and Nervous Tissue

What is a muscle?

A tissue in the body that causes movement, either voluntarily or involuntarily.

muscle cells are also called what?

muscle fibers

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

muscle cells diffuse what?

Sodium (NA+) and Potassium (K+)

Smooth muscle is also caled?

visceral

what are smooth muscle cells shaped like?

spindles/football (tapered on both sides)

does smooth muscle exhibit striations

No

Where is smooth muscle found

digestive muscles, and blood vessels

Is smooth muscle involuntary or voluntary?

involuntary

What envelopes the cell?

A thin layer of connective tissue called endomysium

What are smooth muscle cells grouped into?

sheets oriented in opposing directions

how do smooth muscle cells connect?

using gap junctions

skeletal muscle (appearance)

long cylinder

is skeletal muscle striated?

Yes

is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary

voluntary

what is skeletal muscle attached to?

the skeleton aka bones

Cardiac Muscle (Appearance)

long, cylindrical fibers with one nucleus.

where is cardiac muscle found

the heart and heart chambers

what are junctions between cardiac muscle cells called?

intercalated discs

is cardiac muscle striated?

yes

is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary

involuntary

why are there intercalated discs between cardiac muscle cells

to increase the surface area for diffusion

What is the function of nervous tissue?

to transmit electrical signals throughout the body to regulate and control body functions

What percent of one’s nervous tissue is in their central nervous system?

98%

where is 98% of one’s nervous tissue

in the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord)

what does nervous tissue make up

the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

what are the two types of cells in nervous tissue

neurons and neuroglia

What is another name for neuroglia

glial cells

function of neuroglia cells

The brain's immune system.

whats the function of neurons?

to send and recieve signals

what are 4 signs of inflammation

red, hot, swollen, pus

what causes an inflamed spot to be red and hot

an increase in blood flow

why are inflamed areas swollen

a build up of fluid (debri)

What is pus

fragments of dead cells

what is inflammation

a natural immune response to protect the body

what are the two types of inflammation

acute and chronic

what is acute inflammation

normal inflammation

what is chronic inflammation

the pain doesn’t go away and persists over time

what is inflammation caused by?

damaged cells, pathogens, and/or injury.

how does the structure of a neuron relate to its function

dendrite branches receive signals → cell body → axon → axon terminal, which branches and sends the signals to other neurons