Part 2 Cells and Tissues Vocabulary Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering passive and active cell transport, endocytosis/exocytosis, somatic vs. germ cells, mitosis and meiosis, and specialized cell types such as red blood cells and neurons.

Passive Transport

A cell transport process in which the cell uses no energy to move materials through the membrane, with examples including dialysis and osmosis.

Active Transport

A cell transport process in which the cell uses energy to move materials through the membrane, with examples including pinocytosis and phagocytosis.

Endocytosis

The cellular process of taking in material through the plasma membrane.

Exocytosis

The cellular process of releasing material from inside the cytosol out through the plasma membrane via transport vesicles.

Somatic Cells

Normal, body-building cells that are not involved in sexual reproduction.

Germ Cells

Special cells found in the gonads that are involved in producing gametes (sex cells: sperm or egg).

Mitosis

Cell reproduction process starting with 1 diploid parent cell undergoing IPMAT to form 2 diploid daughter cells.

Meiosis

Cell reproduction process starting with 1 diploid meiocyte found in the gonads undergoing 2 rounds of cell division to form 4 haploid gametes.

Red Blood Cells

Cells that carry oxygen to bodily tissues, featuring a biconcave shape for a greater surface area to volume ratio and an alveoli contact time of $0.7\,sec\,(+/- 0.2\,sec)$.

Nerve Cell/Neuron

Long, insulated cells with input and output fibers that carry electrical signals in a body that is $65-70\%$ water.

Soma

The cell body of a nerve cell or neuron.