Political Culture and Participation

These flashcards cover important terms related to Political Culture and Participation in Comparative Government.

Civil society

The realm of organized social life that is voluntary and independent from government, including non-profit organizations and community groups.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Independent organizations that operate outside of government, typically focused on social, political, or environmental issues.

Political culture

The set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments that shape the behavior and expectations of individuals and groups in a polity.

Political socialization

The process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs, values, and behaviors, often influenced by family, education, and media.

Social cleavages

Divisions in society based on attributes such as class, ethnicity, religion, and region that can lead to political conflict.

Political ideology

A coherent set of values and beliefs about the role of government, politics, and society.

Individualism

A political ideology emphasizing the moral worth of the individual and prioritizing personal autonomy and self-reliance.

Neoliberalism

An economic and political approach that promotes free-market capitalism, deregulation, and reduction of government spending.

Communism

A political ideology advocating for a classless society where all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Socialism

A political and economic system where the means of production are owned or regulated by the community as a whole, aiming for social equality.

Fascism

A far-right political ideology characterized by authoritarianism, centralized control, and a belief in strong nationalistic sentiments.

Populism

A political approach that seeks to represent the interests of ordinary people against the elite or establishment.

Welfare state

A government that provides social and economic support to its citizens to promote well-being, typically through services like healthcare and education.

Post-materialism

A socio-economic condition where people prioritize self-expression and quality of life over economic and physical security.

Separatist movement

A political movement advocating for the separation of a particular group from a larger political entity, typically to establish an independent state.

Referenda

Direct votes in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal and can result in the adoption of a new law.

Autonomy

The right or condition of self-government, often in relation to a territory or group within a larger political entity.