World History Unit 0 Religions and Study Guide for Test

Judaism founder

Abraham

Judaism important people

Moses, Rabbis

Judaism important texts

Torah

Judaism majors beliefs/practices

Monotheistic, there is a covenant between god and Abraham, there is a second convent in the ten commandments

Judaism place of worship

Synagogue

Hinduism founder

unknown

Hinduism important people

Varuna, Pujari

Hinduism important texts

The Vedas, Rig-Veda, Upanishads

Hinduism major beliefs

gods identified as elements, reincarnation, karma, dharma, nirvana, yoga to achieve moksha, world is allusion called Maya, divine essence called Brahman, and Monism (share same essence as god).

Hinduism place of worship

Home or Mandir (temple)

Buddhism founder

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Buddhism important people

Dalai Lama, monks, nuns

Buddhism important texts

Tipitaka, sutras

Buddhism major beliefs

kept reincarnation and other Hindu beliefs (Dharma, Karma, Nirvana), Salvation, knowing the “Four noble truths” and following the “Eightfold path,” no gods, desire causes suffering, and no caste system.

Buddhism place of worship

Buddhist stupa, temples, shrines, monasteries

Christianity founder

Jesus Christ

Christianity important people

Apostles, the pope, clergy (preachers), and priests

Christianity important texts

The Holy Bible

Christianity major beliefs

Love God and thy neighbor, 10 commandments, monotheistic, and Jesus is the son of God.

Christianity place of worship

Church, Cathedral

Shinto (Japanese religion) founder

unknown

Shinto important people

Kannushi

Shinto important texts

none

Shinto major beliefs

polytheistic, kami and many gods are worshipped, and humans are both good and evil

Shinto place of worship

anywhere

Confucianism founder

Confucius

Confucianism important people

none

Confucianism important texts

none

Confucianism major beliefs

people could live together peacefully, family is an example of how relationships linked people together, focus on golden rule, filial piety, and five relationships (subject & ruler, father & son, husband & wife, elder & younger brother, friend & friend)

Confucianism place of worship

temples

Daoism (taoism) founder

Laozi

Daoism important people

none

Daoism important texts

none

Daoism major beliefs

the indescribable force that governs nature, live in harmony with world, yin and yang, and wu-wei

Daoism place of worship

nature

Legalism founder

The Qin

Legalism important people

none

Legalism important texts

none

Legalism major beliefs

the rule of clear and well developed laws, strict laws, everyone fulfills duties, and some believed human nature was blank and people needed careful guidance from strong rulers.

Legalism place of woship

none

Islam founder

Muhammad

Islam important people

Allah, Ulama (religious scholars)

Islam important texts

Qur’an (Koran)

Islam major beliefs

Polytheistic, Qur’an is final authority in matters of faith and lifestyle, muslims cannot eat pork, drink alcohol, or gamble, law cannot be separated from religion, and five pillars.

Islam place of worship

Mosques

Sikhism founder

Goru Nanak

Sikhism important people

Goru Ganth Sahib

Sikhism important texts

none

Sikhism major beliefs

faith in one creator, service to humility, equality of all mankind, meditation.

Sikhism place of worship

Gurdwara

Characteristics of different empires

They all controlled large area and populations. They stimulated the exchange of ideas, cultures, and values among the people they conquered.They all collapsed

Origins of patriarchy

Came from the shift of hunter-gather societies to agrarian societies. Men, who hunted, took political roles.

Moksha

Release from the cycle of reincarnation

Buddhist salvation

the escape from suffering and the cycle of rebirth

Qur’an recital

tilawah - the act of reciting the Quran with proper pronunciation and rules

Most important innovation for Muslim

Dhow ship, scientific method, medicine

Fief

land granted by gods.

Vassal

someone who owes allegiance and service to a lord in exchange for protection and sometimes land or other benefits.

Who is closer than Rome to the Silk Road?

Constantinople

5 great relationships

Ruler and subject

Friend and friend

Older and younger brother

Husband and wife

Father and son

Define domestication

the long-term process where humans intentionally or unintentionally breed and adapt plants and animals to live in close proximity and benefit from them

Define pastoral society

nomadic animal-herding societies often known for spreading religion, culture, and technology across trade routes throughout history

Dharma

one's duty, righteousness, or the path of righteousness that upholds cosmic order.

Two hindu beliefs and explain

Reincarnation - soul is eternal and undergoes a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth

Karma - every action, thought, and intention creates a karmic imprint that affects their future

What are the branches of Buddhism?

Theravada and Mahayana

Jews were banned from..

Babylon

Who arrested Jesus?

Pontius Pilate

Allah

In Islam, name of the one and only God, the singular and all-powerful deity worshipped by Muslims

Dynastic cycle

Rise of a new empire - overthrown weak empire

Prosperity and golden age - peace and low taxes

Fall and collapse - corruption and taxes

How many social classes are in the caste system?

5

Brahmans

Highest Hindu caste (priests)

Why foot bind women?

It was a sign of beauty and a way to keep them inside.

Five pillars of Islam

faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage.

Know some ways religions are alike

religion chart

Describe Terracotta Army

Part of First Emperor’s burial, 8000 unique figures, may substitute for living sacrifices, took 700.000 workers and 15 years to complete it.

Difference between yin and yang

Yin - fem, weak, cold, dark

Yang - masc, light, bright

Describe Pompeii

A thriving Roman city near Mount Vesuvius was buried under volcanic ash and debris during the eruption of the volcano. The eruption, which lasted for two days, resulted in the deaths of thousands and the complete abandonment of the city.

Two types of Muslim

Sunni

Shi’ite