last sermon and hajj

background

• By 10 A.H, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) had established a strong Islamic society on the principle: “There is no god except Allah.”

• Islam was widely accepted across Arabia.

• Prophet (PBUH) felt that his life was nearing its end and decided to perform the major pilgrimage (Hajj) this year.

departure and journey to makkah

• Thousands of Muslims came to Madinah to perform Hajj under his guidance.

• On 26th Dhil-Qad, Prophet (PBUH) mounted his she-camel and left Madinah for Makkah.

• Stayed one night at Dhul Hulaifah.

• The next morning:

  • Bathed for Ihram, applied fragrance, wore Ihram

  • Performed Noon prayer shortened to 2 Rakah (Qasr)

  • Declared intention for Hajj and recited Talbiyah

  • Mounted on Al-Qaswa and continued journey reciting Labbaik

• After 8 days, he reached Makkah on 4th Dhil Hajj.

• Entered Masjid Al-Haram, performed:

  • Tawaf (circumambulation of Ka’bah)

  • Sa’i (walking between Safa and Marwa)

• Did not shave head or finish Ihram because he intended Umrah and Hajj in one Ihram (Qarin) and had animals to sacrifice.

• Camped at Al-Hajun, a high place in Makkah.

at mina and arafat

• On 8th Dhil Hajj, he went to Mina, stayed till morning of 9th Dhil Hajj.

• Offered five prayers from Noon (8th) to Morning (9th).

• After sunrise, he left Mina for Arafat

last sermon at arafat

• Delivered Farewell Sermon:

  • “O people! Listen to what I say. I do not know whether I will ever meet you at this place after this year. Your blood, your property and your honor are as sacred as this Day, this month and this city.”

Key points from the sermon:

1. Blood and Property Rights / Prohibition of Usury

   • “The blood revenge of the Days of Ignorance are cancelled. The first claim on blood I cancel is of Ibne Rabiah bin Harith whom Hudhail killed. Usury is forbidden, and I make a beginning by cancelling the amount of interest which Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib has to receive.”

2. Obligations (Five Pillars)

   • “Worship Allah, say your five daily prayers, fast during Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to.”

3. Rights of Women“Your wives have certain rights over you and you have certain rights over them. Treat them well and be kind to them, for they are your partners and committed helpers.”

4. Equality of Humans

   • “All mankind are from Adam and Eve; an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor has a non-Arab any superiority over an Arab, also a white has no superiority over black, nor has a black any superiority over white, except by piety and good action.”

5. Brotherhood of Muslims

   • “Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood.”

6. Guidance of Quran and Sunnah

   • “No prophet will come after me and no new faith will be born. I leave behind me two things, the Quran and my Sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray.”

• Prophet (PBUH) asked thrice:“O people! Have I faithfully delivered my message to you?”

• People replied: “Yes!”

• Prophet (PBUH) raised his finger to heaven: “O Allah, bear witness.”

final revelation

A few hours later, he received the last verse of the Quran:
“This day I have perfected this religion for you, completed my favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.”
— (Surah Al-Maida 5:3)

completion of hajj

• Noon and Afternoon prayers at Arafat

• Left for Muzdalifah at sunset

• Evening and Night prayers at Muzdalifah, stayed overnight

Yaum-ul-Nahar (10th Dhil Hajj)

• Left Muzdalifah after morning prayers

• Reached Mina:

  • Pelted 7 pebbles at Jamarat-ul-Uqbah

  • Sacrificed 100 camels (63 by his hands, 37 by Hazrat Ali RZ)

• Visited Ka’bah, offered Tawaf-e-Ziarat

• 11th–13th Dhil Hajj (Days of Tashreeq): Stayed at Mina, offered prayers

• On 13th, stayed at high place of Makkah, offered prayers

• Performed Farewell Tawaf (Tawaf-e-Wida), instructed companions to do the same

• Returned to Madinah

way back

On the way back, Prophet (PBUH) took Hazrat Ali (RZ)’s hand and said:

• “Of whomsoever I am lord; this Ali is also his lord. O Allah! Be the supporter of whoever supports Ali and the enemy of whoever opposes him.”