EXP 3 SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL ALCOHOL

Volatile, flammable, and colorless liquid

PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL

78°C

Ethanol boiling point

10 13%

table wines %

3-5%

beers

35-90%

distilled liquors

gasohol

Blend of Ethanol and gasoline called ______ produces fewer air pollutants than gasoline.

Used in preserving biological specimens
Medical purposes as a CNS depressant
Used as the fluid in thermometers

USES OF ETHANOL

80-300 mg/dL

Motor coordination and pain perception are affected accompanied by loss of balance, speech, and amnesia.

There may be nausea and loss of consciousness.

300-400 mg/dL

Spontaneous respiration and cardiovascular regulation are effected, ultimately resulting in death.

600 mg/dL of blood alcohol

pituitary gland

In ______, alcohol inhibits the production of a hormone that regulates urine flow, causing increased urine production and dehydration.

stomach

In the_______, ethanol stimulates production of acid.

blood vessels to dilate

Throughout the body, it causes ___________, resulting in flushing of the skin and a sensation of warmth as blood moves into capillaries beneath the surface. The result, though, is not warming of the body but an increase loss of heat at the surface, making alcoholic beverages a poor choice in cold weather

Disulfiram (Antabuse®)

treats alcoholism, irreversible inhibition of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase.

bright yellow-orange ; blue-green

The Breathalyzer test measures alcohol in expired air by the color change that occurs when the __________oxidizing agent Potassium dichromate is reduced to________chromium (III)

ethene and steam.

Most of the ethanol used in industry is made, not by alcoholic fermentation, but by an addition reaction between _______.

C6H12O6

Chemical formula for glucose

fractional distillation

The fermentation process takes three days and is carried out

at a temperature between 250°C and 300°C. The ethanol is

then obtained by ________.

pale blue

Ethanol burns with a______, non luminous flame to form carbon dioxide and steam.

antiseptic activity

Concentration- The higher concentration, the greater the________.

longer

The _______the carbon atom chain, the higher the antiseptic activity up to the 8th carbon atom

antiseptic action

if there is branching, this causes a decrease in_____of alcohols except for isopropyl alcohol.

9 carbon chain

The higher the MW, the higher antiseptic action but above _______, there is a loss in antiseptic action because it can no longer penetrate the microbial cell.

liver cirrhosis
acetaldehyde

Ethanol abuse could lead to_______ by the product

_______ that could cause lipid peroxidation of liver

enzyme that makes the liver cells depleted leading to

cirrhosis.

blindness
formic acid

Methanol toxicity causes ______ when methanol is

eventually converted to_____ in the liver. Formic

acid destroys the optic nerve of the eyes leading to

blindness.

6% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI)

10% Potassium iodide (KI)

10% Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Exp 3 reagents

Pour 1mL of the distillate into a watch glass and apply a lit match to the contents.

Combustion test procedure

10% KI solution
8 mL
sodium hypochlorite
60°C for 5 minutes

Add 15mL of _______ to 1mL of the distillate placed in a test tube, then add _____ of ______ solution. Warm the mixture in a water bath at _____ of_____, shaking occasionally, and allow it to stand.

20 drops of ethanol
10 drops of acetic acid
5 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid

Add _____ of _____ to a dry test tube, then add _____ of _____ and _____ of _____. Warm the mixture in a boiling water bath and note the odor that develops.

Dissolve 10g of Potassium iodide in 100 mL of purified water.

Preparation of 10% Potassium iodide (KI)

Dissolve 10g Sodium hydroxide in 100mL of purified water.

Preparation of 10% Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)