APUSH Unit 3 Review (Period 3: 1754-1800)

The French and Indian War was the North American part of a more global imperial contest between England and France called_______.

the Seven Years War

What was the primary source of conflict between the English and French resulting in the French and Indian War (1754- 1763)?

land in the Ohio River Valley

What was a proposal by Benjamin Franklin for a centralized colonial government that would help coordinate and pay for troops in the French and Indian War?

IT WAS REJECTED at the time because the colonies valued their local assemblies too much but would be the foundation for later coordinated efforts during the American Revolution.

SEE print "Join or Die"

Albany Plan of Union

What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris 1763 ending the French and Indian War?

British won and extended their claims to North America to the Mississippi River. French lost all their North American holdings.

Following the French and Indian War (1754- 1763), who was an Native American leader who led a revolt against English encroachments on land in the Ohio country?

Pontiac

Following the French and Indian War, what banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains- a region too costly for the British to protect from Indian uprisings?

Colonists felt angered because the land banned from settlement included the Ohio River Valley just recently won in the French and Indian War.

Proclamation of 1763

What was a long period of time during the early to mid- 1700s when the British did not enforce (distance) the Navigation Acts and this led to colonists feeling a sense of independence in managing their own affairs?

Salutary Neglect

Why did the French and Indian War (1754- 1763) end the period of Salutary Neglect?

the cost of the F&I War meant that England would need to raise taxes and enforce the rules to recover from the financial war debt

What was a trade tax (that was enforced!) that raised the cost of imported molasses? This particularly hurt NE producers of rum. The law was enforced in navy- vice admiralty courts with NO jury of peers.

Sugar Act

What was a law that placed British troops inside the colonies to enforce the new tax laws etc. and required that the colonists support their housing and provisions?

Quartering Act

What was the first internal colonial tax passed by Parliament- it taxed paper items, newspapers, legal documents?

Stamp Act

Why did colonists protest " no taxation without representation" in response to the Stamp Act?

colonists had representation in their local assemblies, not in Parliament

The British Parliament answered colonial protests about " no taxation without representation" with this argument

the colonists were a part of the British empire and so enjoyed "virtual representation" and should pay their part of the war debt

The result of the colonial Stamp Act Congress was

a petition arguing that the rights of free Englishmen be maintained (no taxation without representation)

What group of colonists opposed the Stamp Act by violent attacks on the "tax man", this included tarring and feathering and hanging effigies?

Sons of Liberty

On the same day the Stamp Act was repealed (overturned) it was replaced by _____arguing for the right of Parliament to continue taxing the colonies.

This was the reassertion of the right of Parliament as the law making body for the empire.

Declaratory Act

Women (Daughters of Liberty) helped to support colonial protests by making "homespun" cloth and this directly supported

colonial boycotts

Following the Declaratory Act reasserting the right of Parliament to tax, what was a series of importation taxes on items such as paint and tea?

Townshend Duties

This was the result of an anti-British protest outside the customs office? The results were depicted by Paul Revere and became an important part of colonial PROPAGANDA to argue proof of British tyranny.

Boston Massacre

The famous Boston Tea Party was in protest to

no taxation without representation, it was about opposing the right of Parliament to tax without their consent

What were a series of laws passed by Parliament to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party- it included the Boston Port Act that closed the harbor and put a military governor in charge (Thomas Gage)?

The colonists called these measures "intolerable."

Coercive Acts

Individuals were organized in resistance to British tyranny were called__________.

The Sons of Liberty would considered themselves a part of this group.

Patriots

What was the primary goal of the 1st Continental Congress when in it met in Philadelphia following passage of the Coercive Acts?

to work to organize protest to violations of their rights as Englishmen

Ideas about the " natural rights" (rights you are born with) were original to

Enlightenment

This is the concept that government's original power is with the people and that people willingly agree give up some of their power to create a government capable of protecting their natural rights?

People abide by laws and live in "ordered liberty."

Social Contract

The first skirmish of the American Revolution between British Redcoats and colonial militia (Minutemen) was fired outside of Boston in April 1775 at

*This was BEFORE independence was actually declared.

Lexington and Concord

The most important thing to remember of Thomas Paine's COMMON SENSE (Jan. 1776)

was it was a turning point in popular sentiment (how Americans felt) favoring independence

The 2nd Continental Congress made public the Declaration of Independence on this day- celebrated each year as America's birthday!

July 4, 1776

In the Committee of 5, who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

These words from the Declaration of Independence were influenced by what idea from the Enlightenment?

Natural Rights

"That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness."

These words form the Declaration of Independence were most influenced by what idea from the Enlightenment?

Social Contract

What group of Americans opposed the Patriot cause of independence from Great Britain?

Loyalists

Who was Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution- his leadership helped to keep an army in the field and win independence?

George Washington

Who was the American diplomat to France during the American Revolution and helped to negotiated the Treaty of Alliance?

Benjamin Franklin

What battle of the American Revolution was a turning point because after American victory the French agreed to a Treaty of Alliance?

Saratoga

What was the last major battle of the American Revolution where (with FRENCH aide, *Navy) British General Cornwallis surrendered?

Yorktown

The American Revolution inspired similar revolutions in France (French Revolution 1789) and

Haiti (slave revolt in Caribbean)

The first United States Constitution (framework for government) that was created during the American Revolution was called

Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation placed most of the power at the STATE level (it was alliance of states.)

What was one power the Congress did NOT have under the Articles of Confederation?

tax

What was one cause of Shays Rebellion 1786?

post- Revolutionary debt and high state taxes

What was one result of Shays Rebellion 1786?

Constitutional Convention

One accomplishment of the national government under the Articles of Confederation was

passage of the Northwest Ordinance that helped to organize the process by which western territories would become states

What was the original purpose of the Constitutional Convention 1787?

revise the Articles of Confederation

What plan presented at the Constitutional Convention proposed a stronger federal framework that favored large populated states?

Virginia Plan

What was the compromise between large and small populated states about representation in Congress?

Bicameral legislative branch of government whereby the Senate would be equal (2) and the House of Representatives would be based on population (favor large states.)

What was the Great Compromise between northern states and southern states about counting slaves (for purpose of determining representation in the House)?

a fraction 3/5 of the enslaved population would count when determining representation

What provision for a "limited government" was built into the U.S. Constitution?

Separation of Powers (branches) with "checks and balances"

What group supported ratification of the new U.S. Constitution with a stronger centralized government?

Federalists

What group feared the new U.S. Constitution would infringe upon the rights of the people and insisted during the ratification debates that a Bill of Rights be included? (1st 10 amendments)

Anti-federalists

What series of essays were written by prominent Federalists- James Madison, John Jay, ALEXANDER HAMILTON- to support ratification of the U.S. Constitution?

Federalists Papers

As a distinct American culture developed, American women's roles were defined by the concept of REPUBLICAN MOTHERHOOD. What did that mean?

women would need to be educated in order to play important supportive roles raising virtuous sons

George Washington, John Adams, and *Alexander Hamilton were examples of individuals who supported this political party- political point of view about a strong national government?

Federalist

Who was George Washington's Secretary of Treasury who helped to organized a more sound national financial plan with assumption of state debt and the establishment of a national bank?

Alexander Hamilton

What uprising in western Pennsylvania ended with President Washington leading an army to suppress popular protest against a national law?

Whiskey Rebellion

What part of the U.S. Constitutions allowed the Federalists to broaden the interpretative powers of the federal government?

Elastic Clause

Emerging during the Washington administration (1790s) what was the opposition party to the Federalists?

Democratic Republicans

Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson led the Democratic Republican opposition to Hamilton and Federalists. WHO was also a Democratic Republican?

James Madison

What his retiring Farewell Address, President Washington advise the United States avoid?

political parties and permanent foreign alliances

The event resulted in a Quasi War with France during the John Adams administration (1796- 1801)?

"Millions for defense not one cent for tribute!"

Quasi War

What laws passed by the Federalist Congress during the Quasi War were intended to suppress Democratic Republican opposition to the Adams administration?

Alien and Sedition Acts

What was a Democratic Republican reaction to the Federalist Alien and Sedition Acts calling for the right of states to nullify/ cancel unconstitutional acts of Congress?

***This established the state's rights argument. Remember this when we get to the Civil War!

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

What treaty established a southern border between the U.S. and Spain?

Pinckney Treaty

One theme introduced at the end of this review was escalating differences between North and South over slavery.

ONE example of northern attitudes about slavery changing to reflect "all men are created equal" after the American Revolution was in this state- that allowed voting for free African Americans?

New Jersey

The British Parliament answered colonial protests about " no taxation without representation" with this argument

the colonists were a part of the British empire and so enjoyed "virtual representation" and should pay their part of the war debt

The result of the colonial Stamp Act Congress was