Dark Triad Traits, Psychopathy, Narcissism, and Personality Disorder Frameworks

What are the three main traits of the Dark Triad?

Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Machiavellianism.

Who is Niccolo Machiavelli?

An advisor to the Medici family in Florence known for his views on manipulation in politics.

Define Machiavellianism.

Planful manipulation of others to further one's own ends, characterized by manipulativeness and callous affect.

Machiavellian characters

High: Azula, Silco

Low: George Micheal, Mumen rider

What are the central characteristics of Psychopathy?

High impulsivity, thrill-seeking, low empathy, and anxiety.

What are the two factors of Psychopathy according to the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised?

Factor 1: Manipulative, grandiose pathological lying, shallow emotions, lack of empathy and remorse

Factor 2: Impulsivity, lack of long-term goals, sensation-seeking, and antisocial behaviours

What is Narcissism based on?

The story of Narcissus and Echo from Ovid's Metamorphoses.

List some traits associated with Narcissism.

Egotistical attention-seeking, inflated self-worth, bragging, and a sense of entitlement.

What does the Psychodynamic theory suggest about narcissim?

Narcissism is rooted in unconscious feelings of insecurity that is repressed and comes out as defense mechanisms

Who does self-reports more honestly?

Narcissists - they genuinely believe it

Machiavellianism and psychopathy are more likely to lie

Character example of narcissism

Gina Linetti

What is Everyday Sadism?

Deriving pleasure from inflicting pain and humiliation on others, often studied in criminal cases.

- Charlie Kirk

Recidivism in Psychopathy

the higher someone scores on psychopathy, the more likely they are to recidivate

What is the Dark Tetrad?

The combination of the Dark Triad traits plus Sadism.

Online comment activity and predicting dark tetrad

Trolling is the most predictive

- Gerald Brovloski

What is a common preference among individuals high in Sadism - bug killing experiment

They prefer to kill insects THEMSELVES in experiments rather than endure pain or clean.

What distinguishes personality traits from personality disorders?

Personality disorders involve moderate or greater impairment in personality functioning.

What distinguishes personality traits from personality disorders Criteria A: SELF

Identity

- experience of oneself as unique, capacity to regulate emotions, stability

Self-Direction

- pursuit of short-term and life goals, constructive and prosocial

What distinguishes personality traits from personality disorders Criteria A: INTERPERSONAL

Empathy

Intimacy

- depth and duration of connection with others

What distinguishes personality traits from personality disorders Criteria B

High levels of one or more pathological personality traits

What does Criterion C of personality disorders state?

Impairments in personality functioning are relatively inflexible and pervasive across situations.

What is the significance of Criterion D?

Impairments in personality functioning are stable over time and traceable to adolescence or early adulthood.

What are the alternative explanations ruled out in Criteria E, F, and G?

Not another mental disorder, not due to substance use or a medical condition, and not considered normal in a sociocultural context.

What is the relationship between dark personality traits and academic dishonesty?

Higher levels of dark traits are correlated with increased self-reported cheating and plagiarism.

What are the two main traits of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) Criterion B?

Negative Affectivity and Detachment

List three traits associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) Criterion A.

Egocentrism, Lack of Empathy, Incapacity for Intimate Relationships

What is the minimum number of traits required for a diagnosis of ASPD Criterion B?

At least 6 of 7 traits

What does the term 'Psychopathy' refer to in the context of ASPD?

A variant of ASPD characterized by low anxiety and a bold interpersonal style.

What is the significance of convergent validity in personality disorder traits?

It ensures that traits are positively correlated with the disorder.

What does discriminant validity indicate in the context of personality disorders?

It shows that irrelevant traits do not correlate with the disorder.

What is the D-factor for Dark Personality Traits?

The tendency to maximize one's individual utility while disregarding others' disutility.

- one-factor composite of all the different "Dark" traits

Predictive validity for D-Factor: Dictator Game results

the higher your D-factor, the more likely you are to allocate more money to yourself

Predictive validity for D-Factor: Cheating task results

D-factor more likely to cheat and lie

What does the HEXACO model revise from the Big Five personality traits?

It revises Agreeableness and Neuroticism, splitting Agreeableness into Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility.

Which factor in the HEXACO model is reverse factored D-factor

Honesty-humility, correlations between them are LARGE

- d-factor basically re-inventng the wheel

What is the relationship between the D-factor and Honesty-Humility in the HEXACO model?

There are large negative correlations between the D-factor and Honesty-Humility.