spanish accuracy check #2

la dictadura

dictatorship

las elecciones

elections

gobernar

to govern

el golpe de estado

coup

el desafío

challenge

el problema

problem

el cambio climático

climate change

desarrollo sostenible

sustainable development

la desigualdad

inequality

la brecha económica

economic gap

el género

gender

regresar a

to return to

mudarse a

to move

el campesino

farmer

promover

to promote/foster

proteger

to protect

rebelarse contra

to rebel against

el régimen

regimel

el salario

salary

el conflicto armado

armed conflict

luchar por

fight for

el levantamiento

revolt/uprising

la inciativa

iniciative

ser pretierate conjugations

fui / fuiste / fue / fuimos / fuisteis / fueron

ir preterite conjugations

fui / fuiste / fue / fuimos / fuisteis / fueron

regular -ar preterite conjugations

-é / -aste / -ó / -amos / -asteis / -aron

regular -er / -ir conjugations

-í / -iste / -ió / -imos / -isteis / -ieron

stem changing verbs in preterite (there are 9)

estar → estuv-; querer→ quis-; hacer → hic- (hizo for el/ella); tener → tuv-; poder → pud-; poner → pus-; saber → sup; decir → dij-; venir → vin-

stem changing verbs in preterite conjugations

-e / -iste / -o / -imos / -isteis / -eron

what are the sandal verbs in preterite

change only in third person singular and plural: 

• o→u (ex: dormir, morir)

• e→ i (ex: pedir, servir, sentir)

• -uir → y (huir, destruir, construir)

• -er → y (leer, creer)

• oír → oy-

preterite verbs that change in yo form

car-gar-zar verbs

• -gar: g→gu (ex: pagar)

• -car: c→qu (ex: buscar)

• -zar: z→c (eex: empezar)

haber in preterite

hubo

imperfect -ar conjugations

-aba / -abas / -aba / ábamos / abais / aban

imperfect -er/-ir conjugations

ía / ías / ía / íamos / íais / ían

ser imperfect conjucations

era / eras / era / éramos / erais / eran

ir imperfect conjugations

iba / ibas / iba / íbamos / ibais / iban

ver imperfect conjugation

veía / veías / veía / veíamos / veíais / veían

when to use preterite

to narrate past, completed actions with a defined time frame

• single events

• actions repeated specific number of times or during specific period of time

• actions that were part of a chain of events

• beginning or end of an action

• interruption

• sudden change in condition

when to use imperfect

→ describe in the past with no defined time frame

• describe era / time

• narrate background / setting

• narrate conditions/emotion + age + health

• describe actions that were in progress (was/were …ing)

• describe 2 or more simultaneous events in progress

• describe things that used to happen / endless activities

conocer definition in imperfect

i knew

conocer definition in preterite

i met

saber definition in preterite

i learned

saber definition in imperfect

i knew

poder definition in imperfect

i was able to

poder definition in preterite

i managed to

Pretérito Perfecto structure

[haber (conjugated] + past participle

haber conjugations

he / has / ha / hemos / habéis / han

when to use pretérito perfecto

talk about events that started in the past and are still relevant in the present

when to use Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto

to talk about an action that occured before another action in the past

how to structure Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto

[haber (conjugated in imperfect)] + past participle

haber imperfect conjugations

había / habías / había / habíamos / habíais / habían

irregular participles

• ver → visto

• hacer → hecho

• morir → muerto

• descubrir → descubierto

• decir → dicho

• ir → ido

• poner → puesto

• escribir → escrito

hasta que

until

desde

since

hasta

until

durante

during

entre

in between

desde hace

for

hace ___ años

__ years ago

desde que

since