AMSCO Unit 2 Vocabulary Words (Part 1)

the pattern of human settlement - the spread of people across the earth

representing it on a map highlights places that are crowded, sparsely settled, or even empty

Population Distribution

measure of the average population per square mile/kilometer of an area

measures how crowded an area is

Population Density

the regions between 30 degrees and 60 degrees, north and south of the equator ;

moderate climate (compared to higher or lower latitudes)

Midlatitudes

the hierarchical division of people into groups based on factors such as economic status, power, and/or ethnicity

Social Stratification

calculated by dividing a region's population by its total area, it is the average number of people overall in an area

this does not indicate where in the total area the people live or say anything about population distribution

Arithmetic Population Density

calculated by dividing the population by the amount of arable land

they are useful in determining a region's carrying capacity

Physiology Population Density

land suitable for growing crops

Arable

compares the number of farmers to the area of arable land

value gives an indication of the efficiency of the region's famers

Agricultural Population Density

boundary adjustments due to population

- smaller urban districts and larger rural districts (to have an even amount of people)

Redistricting

refers to the facilities and structures that allow people to carry out their typical activities

Infrastructure

having more people than the region can support

Overpopulation

the number of people a region can support without damaging the environment

Carrying Capacity

also called age-sex composition graph;

tool based on age and gender data that can provide information on birth rates, death rates, how long people can live on average, and economic development

Population Pyramid

the vertical axis that shows age groups in a population pyramid

Cohort

this slowdown of births

Birth Deficit

when the birth rate spikes

this is usually associated with the end of a war

Baby Boom

birth rates are lower for a number of years which continues until boomers are child-rearing age

Baby Bust

increase in births that reflects an earlier baby boom

Echo

the comparison between the size of the potential work force and the dependent population

Dependency Ratio

the group expected to be the society's labor force

Potential Workforce

people under 15 (too young) or over 64 (too old) who rely on the economically active workforce to keep the society running

Dependent Population

formula used to describe the future population of a region of any scale

future population = current population + (number of births - number of deaths) + (number of immigrants - number of emigrants)

Demographic Balancing Equation

people who moved into a country

Immigrants

people who moved out of the country

Emigrants

the number of live births for year for each 1,000 people

Crude Birth Rates (CBR)

the average number of children who would be born per women - in their child rearing age - in a country assuming she lived through those years

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

the average number of years people live

Life Expectancy

the number of children who die before their first birthday

Infant Mortality Rate

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

the percentage at which a county's population is growing or declining, without the impact of migration

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

the time it takes for population size to double

Population Doubling Time

shows the five typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

though fertility rates have declined, people are living longer, and this results in population continuing to grow for another 20-40 years

Demographic Momentum

a model that is an extension of the demographic transition model and explains the changing death rates and more common causes of death within societies

Epidemiological Transition Model

Starvation is the inevitable result of population growth, because the population increases at a geometric rate while food supply can only increase arithmetically

(population > agriculture)

Malthusian Theory

programs designed to increase the fertility rate (offer incentives)

- paid leave (time off)

- free childcare

- family discounts on government services

Pronatalist Policies

The more people there are, the more hands there are to work, rather than just more mouths to feed

- as population increases more pressure is placed on the existing agricultural system which leads to inventions resulting in more food production

Boserup Theory

people who accept Malthus's fundamental premise as correct even today

Neo-Malthusians

policies that attempt to decrease the number of births in a country and are often used by developing countries (concerns about population growth cause this)

Anti-Natalist Policies