Biology Unit 1

Carbohydrates

Macromolecule made of carbon, Hyrdogen, and oxygen. Primary source of energy. Have a ratio of C:1; H:2, O:1

Lipids

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and few oxygen.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy. C6h12O6

Phospholipids

A molecule that makes up of the lipid bi-layer of cell membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.

cell membrane

the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

fatty acids

Building Blocks (Monomer) of Lipids

Glycerol

Combines with fatty acids to make lipids.

Monosaccharides

Simple Sugars like; glucose, fructose, galactose. Mono= one Saccharide= Sugar

Monomer

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

Polymer

molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Poly= many

Saccharide= Sugar

Glycogen

Polysaccharide, made up of long chains of glucose.

Chitin

A polysaccharide, that makes up the cell walls of Fungi

Cellulose

Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls.

Starch

storage form of glucose in plants

Protein

An organic compound that is made of one or more amino acids and contains carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Builds muscle, tissues, enzymes, etc.

Enzymes

proteins that act as catalysts (speed up chemical reactions).

Catalyst

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

nucleic acids

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. Examples: DNA, RNA, ATP

Nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

amino acids

monomers or building blocks of proteins

RNA

ribonucleic acid; single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid: double stranded nucleic Acid that contains deoxyribonucleic Acid.