DRUG DELIVERY LAB FINAL 👩🏻‍🔬

What is the indication of methimazole?

a. Anesthetic

b. Anti-inflammatory

c. Antithyroid

d. Immunosuppressant

c. Antithyroid

What should be the indications on the Methimazole Veterinary Suspension bottle?

a. Protect from light

b. Both 'Protect from light' and 'Shake well''

c. Shake well

d. External use only

Both 'Protect from light' and 'Shake well''

The route of administration of Methimazole Veterinary Suspension is

a. Buccal

b. Transdermal

c. Oral

d. Parenteral

c. Oral

What is the reason why veterinary compounding is necessary?

a. Need to achieve specific treatment regimen

b. Rapid changes in disease in veterinary medicine

c. Less compounded product is available in market

d. All of above

d. All of above

What would you use to make up the volume in the compounding of Methimazole Veterinary Suspension?

a. Base

b. Water

c. Oil

c. Oil

What is the base of lollipops you will be preparing in lab?

a. PEG

b. Gelatin

c. Sorbitol

d. Cocoa butter

c. Sorbitol

What is the advantage(s) of using lollipops?

a. Use in variety of areas (i.e. dentistry, general practice)

b. Do not require precise dosing

c. Easy to administrate to children

d. All of above

d. All of above

Safety precautions and childproof packaging should be addressed.

a. True

b. False

a. true

What will be a good pathological condition for compounding formulation as lollipops?

a. Mild coughing

b. Viral infection

c. Cancer

d. High blood pressure

a. Mild coughing

It is important that excess solution be added to the lollipop mold when preparing the lollipop.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Thermolabile drugs can be formulated as lollipops.

a. True

b. False

b. False

What are the advantages of lollipop medications?

a. Usable for different indications and routes (e.g., dentistry or general practice)

b. Suitable when precise dosing is not required (e.g., mild coughing or sore throats)

c. Easy to administer to children, increasing patient compliance

When are lollipops not suitable as a dosage form?

For conditions requiring precise dosing, such as infections, cancer, or high blood pressure.

Why is childproof packaging important for lollipop medications?

To prevent accidental overdoses by children.

What is a major disadvantage of lollipop formulations?

The high temperature required to melt the sorbitol base makes them unsuitable for thermolabile drugs.

What is Methimazole used for?

Treating hyperthyroidism.

How should Methimazole be stored?

In the dark, because it is light-sensitive.

How is Methimazole formulated for prolonged absorption?

As a suspension in an oil base for sustained release.

Why is veterinary compounding often necessary?

To meet specific treatment regimens, manage rapid progression of disease, or when the drug is not commercially available.

Scopolamine HBr is the active ingredient in the powder chart you are preparing.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Which of the following is NOT true about Scopolamine HBr?

a. It can be readily absorbed when taken orally

b. It is derived from ingredient from plants

c. It has high hydrophobicity

d. It mimics the structure of acetylcholine

c. It has high hydrophobicity

Avicel in the compounding of powder charts is used as diluent.

a. True

b. False

b. False

Suppose you are asked to measure and obtain 5 mg equivalent of a drug, and you have an balance with limit of quantitation of 50mg. Which of the following method may give you an accurate result? (suppose drug stability, drug solubility, and dosage form are compatible with all the dilution listed methods).

(i) Measure 50 mg of drug using balance, add and geometrically dilute drug with 450mg of lactose, obtain 50mg of the mixture.

(ii) Measure 50 mg of drug using balance, add and geometrically dilute drug with 500mg of lactose, obtain 50mg of the mixture.

(ii) and (iii)

(iii) Measure 50 mg of drug using a balance, dilute drug to a final volume of 10ml with water, obtain 1ml of the solution.

(ii) and (iii)

What indications can a powder chart be used for?

Astringent for diaper rash or skin irritation

Laxatives

Electrolyte imbalance

All of the above

All of the above

What is the major advantage of using powder charts over bulk powders?

a. Able to administer large quantities

b. All of above

c. More accurate

d. More uniform

b. All of above

No barrier to mask taste is the major disadvantage of using powder charts.

a. True

b. False

a. True

According to the signatura or sig (direction to patients): "po q hs", the time of the day patient should consume these powder charts is every night at bedtime.

a. True

b. False

a. True

What will be the filler used in bulk oral powder prepared in the lab?

a. Magnesium Oxide

b. Lactose

c. HPMC

d. Zinc Oxide

a. Magnesium Oxide

What is Scopolamine HBr derived from?

A naturally derived botanical product.

What is the mechanism of action of Scopolamine HBr?

It acts as an anticholinergic by blocking acetylcholine activity.

What is the pharmacological category of Scopolamine HBr?

Antiemetic.

What is the water solubility of Scopolamine HBr?

1 g/1.5 mL.

Why does Scopolamine HBr allow for rapid absorption?

Because it has high water solubility.

What are powder dosage forms composed of?

Finely divided mixtures of drugs and excipients.

What are powder charts (divided powders) primarily used for?

Oral administration.

Besides oral use, what other routes can powder charts be prepared for?

They can be prepared for other routes as well.

What are common indications for orally administered powders?

Digestive disorders and electrolyte imbalance.

What are common indications for topically applied powders?

Antifungal treatments, astringents for diaper rash, and skin irritation.

Why are powders convenient for pediatric and geriatric patients?

They can be mixed with food or liquids.

What is a major drawback of powder dosage forms?

Difficulty in masking the taste of the active drug.

What does "po q hs" mean in prescription directions (Sig)?

Take by mouth every night at bedtime.

What does "po" stand for in Latin?

By mouth or orally.

What does "q" stand for in Latin?

Every.

What does "hs" stand for in Latin?

At bedtime.

What can be the role of MgO in a medication?

a. Diluent

b. pH modifier

c. API

d. All the above

d. All the above

'prn (pro re nata)' means 'as needed'.

a. True

b. False

a. True

How much is 1 calibrated scoopful of preparation?

a. 1 gram of the preparation

b. 12 grams of the preparation

c. 2 grams of the preparation

d. 5 grams of the preparation

a. 1 gram of the preparation

Glass mortar and pestle is ideal for mixing:

a. Liquids

b. Pastes

c. All of the answers

d. Soft powders

c. All of the answers

What would you recommend in general for storage conditions?

a. A closed container

b. No exposure to sunlight

c. Cool, dry, and ventilated area

d. All of above

d. All of above

Geometric dilution is the technique you would use for mixing the powders in this compounding.

a. True

b. False

a. True

If grinding and size reduction are not needed in compounding, a glass mortar and pestle is preferred over a ceramic one because it is easier to clean.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Which one is correct about administration of bulk oral powder?

a. The powder should not be mixed with hot liquids or food, as heat may affect its stability.

b. They can be mixed with soft food such as yogurt and applesauce.

c. All of above

d. Patients should use only the calibrated scoop provided, not household spoons, for accurate dosing.

c. All of above

What are the two roles of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) in pharmaceuticals?

As an API and as a pharmaceutical excipient.

What are the uses of MgO as an API?

Antacid and electrolyte supplement.

What are the uses of MgO as an excipient?

Filler/Diluent, Binder, pH Modifier, and Anti-caking Agent.

How do API-grade and excipient-grade MgO differ?

In terms of purity, consistency, and regulatory stringency.

What is the role of Carmine in pharmaceutical formulations?

An FDA-approved red colorant with no pharmacological activity.

Where is Carmine used?

In drugs, cosmetics, and food as a coloring agent.

What are the two types of mortar and pestle commonly used in compounding labs?

Glass mortar and pestle, and ceramic mortar and pestle.

What is the glass mortar and pestle best used for?

Mixing liquids, pastes, and soft powders; it has a smooth, non-abrasive surface and is easier to clean.

What is the ceramic mortar and pestle best used for?

Grinding coarse materials requiring particle size reduction; it has a rough, abrasive surface.

Which mortar and pestle is preferred for mixing carmine and magnesium oxide?

Glass mortar and pestle.

What are the two main ways bulk powders are typically administered?

Mixing with water or beverages.

Sprinkling onto soft food like yogurt or applesauce.

What should patients use to measure bulk powder doses?

Only the calibrated scoop provided, not household spoons.

Why should bulk powders not be mixed with hot liquids or food?

Heat may affect the powder's stability.

What should patients be reminded of regarding bulk powder administration?

The correct timing of administration as per their prescription.

Carmine is an FDA-approved red colorant used in drugs, cosmetics, and food.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Citric acid/tartaric acid with sodium bicarbonate/sodium carbonate are the usual mixture of effervescent powders.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Large exposed surface area is the reason behind the stability problems of effervescent powder.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Carbon dioxide would be generated when effervescent powder is added to water.

a. True

b. False

a. True

During geometric dilution, if you need to perform size reduction which method would you use?

a. Pill tile

b. Mix it on a lab bench station

c. Mortar and pestle

c. Mortar and pestle

When mixing two solid materials of different densities, the lighter one should be added on top of the heavier one.

a. True

b. False

b. False

When adding an effervescent powder with larger surface area (i.e., smaller granularity) to the water, there would be more rapid effervescence (generation of carbon dioxide gas).

a. True

b. False

a. True

What type of taste are effervescent granules particularly suitable for?

Salty or bitter taste.

What causes effervescence in effervescent granules or powders?

A reaction between citric acid, tartaric acid, or both with sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.

What is produced during the effervescence reaction?

Carbon dioxide.

When does the effervescence reaction occur?

When the ingredients are added to water.

What is one disadvantage of effervescent powders?

Their large surface area increases reactivity and may lead to stability issues.

Why can powders cause overflow during effervescence?

They rapidly effervesce due to their large surface area.

Why do granules provide more controlled effervescence than powders?

They have a smaller exposed surface area, allowing slower hydration and dissolution.

What is the beyond-use date (BUD) for an effervescent powder?

180 days.

Why is the BUD for effervescent powders 180 days?

Because it is a nonaqueous dosage form.

Acacia (gum Arabia) was used in the preparation of many pharmacy compounding formula. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of Acacia in the following formulations?

a. Acacia is used as binder agent in preparation of troche

b. Acacia is used as an anti-microbial preservative in making emulsions

c. Acacia is the key active ingredient in sunscreening formula

d. None of the above

a. Acacia is used as binder agent in preparation of troche

What is (are) the advantage of using troches?

a. Systemic absorption

b. Avoid acidic environment

c. All of above

d. Deliver medication through oral mucosa

c. All of above

Dissolving the troche in the cheek, under tongue, or slowly in the oral cavity would result in increased contact time between the drug and the oral mucosa.

a. True

b. False

a. True

For the population other than children and animals, chewing and swallowing the troche would result in increased contact time, gastrointestinal absorption, and a systemic effect.

a. True

b. False

b. False

Gelatin based troche can be melted inside oral cavity and the drug inside the troche will be slowly released.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Soft troche can deliver medication locally but not systemically.

a. True

b. False

b. False

Once the material has cooled in the troche mold, if you need to impart a smooth appearance, a warm metal spatula can be used.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Lozenges can be melted inside oral cavity and the drug inside the troche will be slowly released.

a. True

b. False

a. True

During filling capsule, what should the pharmacist put the powder on?

a. All the above.

b. Pill tile

c. Pestle mortar

d. Lab table

b. Pill tile

After putting the capsule on the powder, the pharmacist should

a. Either of one above is fine.

b. Rotate the capsule shell slightly on the powder.

c. Use a spatula to get powder into the shell.

d. Blow powder into the shell.

b. Rotate the capsule shell slightly on the powder.

When do you know that the capsule is full?

a. Will feel slight resistance as capsule is pressed against the powder

b. Powder will not get in the shell.

c. Powder will come out of the shell.

a. Will feel slight resistance as capsule is pressed against the powder

'prn HA' stands for 'as needed for headaches' in Sig.

a. True

b. False

a. True

When hand-punching capsules, you should calculate ___ extra capsules or ___% excess.

a. 4, 40%

b. 2, 10%

c. 3, 40%

d. 1, 10%

b. 2, 10%

Where are parenteral formulations prepared?

a. In the class 100 LAF Hood

b. All of above

c. At the bench

d. In the glove box

a. In the class 100 LAF Hood

Which of the following behavior is inappropriate during sterile compounding procedures?

a. Using 70% Ethanol to spray gloved hands before performing any procedures.

b. Discard used needles into an red biohazard sharp container without recapping them.

c. Using ethanol-disinfected gloved finger to touch the tip of the syringe for installing a 0.2 um syringe filter

d. Discarding an syringe that has bent needle tip, even though it is unused.

c. Using ethanol-disinfected gloved finger to touch the tip of the syringe for installing a 0.2 um syringe filter

Needle can be inserted into the same hole on the rubber cap of the vial.

a. True

b. False

b. False

Tapping the syringe is a correct way to get rid of the bubbles in the syringe.

a. True

b. False

a. True

As you prepare sterile injections, what type of filter is needed for removal of microorganism?

a. 1 micron syringe filter

b. 0.8 micron syringe filter

c. 0.2 micron syringe filter

d. 0.45 micron syringe filter

c. 0.2 micron syringe filter