Dydaktyka- słownictwo

Cognate

A word with the same origin as another word

Mnemonic

A strategy or device to help remember information, e.g using imagery

Retention

The extent to which information about a word can be remembered

Apposition

The use of a noun phrase immidiately after another noun phrase that refers to the same thing (eg. Canberra, the capital fo Australia)

Concordance

A list showing all the examples of an indyvidual word in a text, corpus etc.

Comprehensible imput

Language that can be understood by a learner

Word family

A unit of counting words. They are made up od a headword and its inflections. They are useful as a unit of counting words foe begginers, who have yet to learn derivations

Corpus, pl: corpora

A collection of texts that is designed to be representative of some aspect of language

Frequency list

A list of words derived from their range of occurance n language

Lemma, pl: lemmas

A unit of counting words. They are made up of a headword, its inflections and derivations. Most useful as a unit of counting for receptive knowledge

Retrieval

The process of searching foe the form or meaning of a word. There are two types of it: recall (from memory) and recognition (from different choices)

Vocabulary load

The lexical difficulty involved in understanding the words in spoken and written text

Textual enhancement

A technique for drawing attention to important words in a text to increase the chances that they are learnt

Elaboration

Helping the word to stay in memory by, for example associating with images, finding extra information about the word, doing word part analysis, or applying mnemonic tricks

Dictogloss

A supported dictation activity where learners reconstruct a text by listening and noting down key words

Derivation

A change to the form of a headword whrough the addition of an affix. They change the meaning of the headword or the part of speech

Inflection

A change to the form of a headword through addition of an affix to reflect a grammatical function. The most common of them entail changes in the verb tense

ESL

English taught in contexts where English is commonly used for communication (eg. England, Canada)

EFL

English taught in contexts where English is not commonly used for communication (eg. Poland, Germany)

Formulaic language

Sequences of words that are stored retrived as wholes, eg. collocations, idioms

Schema

The way in which learners (oftern more advanced) get a general view of a reading or litening package: the big picture

Extensive reading

Learner activity which is self-motivated and usually conducted alone, an is often done for enjoyment

Lead-in

A short learning activity designed to activate learners curiosity and interest in a topic

Webquest

A structured learning process involving teacher design and instruction on how to conduct research online in order to achive learning objectives

Intensive reading

Teacher-directed reading activites which aim to complete some form of structured and explicit comprehension and/or language learning goal

Foreignising

The use of a familiar word form a languag eknown to the learner in a way as to make it sound English: a common stratedy when learners do not know or cannot recall the appropriate English word

Bottom-up processing

They way in which learners (often lower-level) focus on indyvidual words and phrases, and achive understanding by linking these together to form a whole

Top-down processing

Tasks which move the learner from a superficial engagement with a listening or reading text to a more detailed understanding

Reading for gist

A quick form of reading, also called SKIMMING, wuring which you read to understand the general meaning of a text

Scanning

A form of reading designed to find specific and more detailed information

Reading for inference

A deeper form of reading looking to understand the meanings behind the words, and motivations revealed through words

Text mining

Searching through reading texts to find useful language to study

Parallel speaking

An activity in which the students read a text aloud at the same time with an audio recording of a text

Jigsaw reading

An activity which involves the students reading fragments of the same text or different texts relating to the same things, and then sharing the information to answer questions or solve a problem

Reading kit

A set of general reading questions which can be applied to a wide variety of text

Micro listening

Listening to small phrases and/or short aspects of language can help learners to overcome difficulties they might have in discriminating specific language

Multiple listening

Exposing the students to the same audio excerpt repeatedly. This can be useful to help them get deeper understanding during a listening activity. It can also be used, as with repeated listening to a song, to help the students learn, almost parrot-fashion, phrases from the lyrics.

Narrow listening

Giving the tudents listning activities on the same theme, using a veriety of inputs. useful for listening per se, but also for building up an awareness of the vocabulary which might regularly appear in discussions on a particular topic

Extensive listening

Students listen in their own time to forms of input which they find motivating and useful for their language learning

Live listening

The use of a real speaker, visitor to the class or just the teacher, talking to the students as the basis of a listening exercise

Pictureless listening

An activity whereby the students first listen to a video with the screen covered and try to form an understanding of the characters ond their situation before watching the video and seeing them in action