Chapter 11: Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering substance use definitions, drug classifications, treatment methods, and impulse-control disorders based on the Chapter 11 lecture transcript.

Substance use

Taking moderate amounts of a substance in a way that doesn’t interfere with functioning.

Substance intoxication

A physical reaction to a substance, such as being drunk.

Substance Use Disorder

Usage of a substance in a way that is dangerous or causes substantial impairment, affecting areas such as jobs or relationships.

Tolerance

Needing more of a substance to get the same effect, or experiencing reduced effects from the same amount.

Withdrawal

A physical response that occurs when a substance is discontinued after regular use.

Depressants

A category of substances that result in behavioral sedation, including alcohol, sedatives, and anxiolytic drugs.

Stimulants

Substances that increase alertness and elevate mood, such as cocaine and nicotine.

Opiates

Substances that produce analgesia and euphoria, including heroin, morphine, and codeine.

Hallucinogens

Substances that alter sensory perception, such as marijuana and LSD.

GABA

The specific neurotransmitter target of alcohol that increases inhibitory effects, making neural cells worse at firing.

Delirium tremens

Hallucinations and tremors brought on by withdrawal from severe alcohol use.

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Problems in a fetus resulting from alcohol use during pregnancy, including impaired growth, cognitive difficulties, and behavioral problems.

Wernicke-Korsakoff disorder

A condition associated with long-term heavy alcohol use characterized by confusion, lack of coordination, and impaired speech.

Sedatives

Drugs that have a calming effect, such as barbiturates.

Hypnotic

A term for drugs that are sleep-inducing.

Anxiolytic

Drugs that are anxiety-reducing, such as benzodiazepines.

Amphetamines

Stimulants that enhance the release of norepinephrine and dopamine and subsequently block their reuptake.

Cocaine

A stimulant that produces short-lived sensations of elation and vigor by blocking the reuptake of dopamine.

Nicotine

A highly addictive substance that stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the CNS.

Caffeine

A stimulant that blocks the reuptake of the neurotransmitter adenosine to elevate mood and reduce fatigue.

Opioids

Natural and synthetic substances with narcotic effects often used as analgesics.

Analgesic

A term used to describe a painkiller.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

The active ingredient in marijuana.

Inhalants

Volatile solvents, such as spray paint or gasoline, breathed directly into the lungs.

Anabolic–Androgenic Steroids

Substances derived or synthesized from testosterone used to increase body mass without an associated high.

Designer Drugs

Drugs like Ecstasy, Ketamine, and Synthetic Cathinones originally produced by pharmaceutical companies that are used recreationally for dissociative sensations.

Opponent-process theory

The psychological dimension suggesting that drugs are the easiest way to alleviate feelings of withdrawal.

Expectancy effects

Cognitive factors where people use drugs because they anticipate positive effects.

Agonist substitution

A biological treatment involving a safe drug with a similar chemical composition as the abused drug, such as methadone or nicotine gum.

Antagonistic treatment

Biological treatment using drugs that block or counteract the positive effects of substances, such as naltrexone.

Aversive treatment

Biological treatment using drugs that make the use of substances extremely unpleasant, such as antabuse.

Relapse Prevention

A cognitive-behavioral approach that addresses distorted cognitions, identifies high-risk situations, and reframes relapse as a failure of coping skills.

Gambling Disorder

A DSM-5 addictive disorder involving recurrent gambling leading to clinically significant distress or impairment, requiring $4+$ symptoms within a year.

Intermittent explosive disorder

An impulse-control disorder characterized by frequent aggressive outbursts that lead to injury or the destruction of property.

Kleptomania

An impulse-control disorder involving the failure to resist the urge to steal items that are not needed.

Pyromania

An impulse-control disorder involving an irresistible urge to set fires, diagnosed in only $3\%$ of arsonists.