Global Climate Governance

These flashcards cover essential concepts and events in global climate governance as discussed in the lecture.

What does the planetary boundaries framework indicate?

It indicates a 'safe operating space' for humanity by outlining a set of Earth system thresholds.

Why is climate change considered a global commons issue?

Because emissions from one country impact all others and no single jurisdiction can internalize global damages.

What are the main roles in climate governance?

Decision-makers set international rules, implementers enact policies, and finance involves both historical and current emitters.

What was the significant outcome of the Montreal Protocol of 1987?

It phased out ozone-depleting substances and was universally ratified, credited with healing the ozone layer.

What is the purpose of the UNFCCC established in 1992?

To stabilize GHG concentrations at safe levels and provide a framework for ongoing negotiations.

What are Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)?

Voluntary pledges by countries to set their own emission reduction targets under the Paris Agreement.

What does the equity principle CBDR-RC stand for?

Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, acknowledging the differing contributions and capacities of countries.

How does climate finance operate under international agreements?

It includes commitments from developed countries to provide financial support for climate action in developing nations.

What challenges does adaptation financing face compared to mitigation?

Adaptation often receives less funding and is complex to measure, making it difficult to secure needed resources.

What key challenge was revealed during the Copenhagen Accord negotiations in 2009?

Deep divisions between countries, particularly North-South disagreements over binding targets.

What is the significance of the Paris Agreement adopted in 2015?

It established a universal framework for climate action involving both developed and developing countries and introduced the NDC system.

What does 'loss and damage' refer to in climate discussions?

The impacts of climate change that cannot be avoided through mitigation or adaptation efforts, reflecting a climate justice issue.

What is the role of non-state actors in climate governance?

They provide pressure, resources, and alternative leadership, influencing public narratives during negotiations.

Why is the consensus rule both an advantage and disadvantage in COP negotiations?

It ensures inclusive decision-making but can slow progress and allow any single country to block agreements.

How has youth activism impacted climate negotiations?

Movements like Fridays for Future have mobilized young people, demanding urgency and influencing public discourse.