European Colonization

Catholic Church

Formed the first and largest branch for the Christian religion.

Church of England

Across Europe during the 1500s, Roman Catholics who were seeking reform broke away from the Catholic Church and organized new churches. This movement is known as the Protestant Reformation. The founding of the Anglican Church was a result of this movement.

Dutch West India Company

was a trading company. It had a monopoly on trade with Africa, the Americas, and every place in between.

Ferdinand Magellan

Served as a navigator and explorer for both the Portuguese and Spanish governments. The expedition he led for the Spanish government to circumnavigate the globe brought him great fame as well as his death.

Franciscans

A Christian religious order they was founded in the 1200s by St. Francis of Assisi. They are the largest order in the Roman Catholic Church and are known today for their work as priests, missionaries, and educators.

Goods

Products meant to satisfy the wants and needs of buyers.

Jamestown

A place in Virginia; known as the first successful English colony.

Jesuits

Are an order of Roman Catholic priests founded in the late 1530s by St. Ignatius of Loyola. After its founding, the order began sending missionaries throughout the world to convert people to Roman Catholicism.

John Winthrop

Was an early American colonist, originally from England. He sailed to the New World in 1630 with a charter to start a new colony. He and his followers moved to Salem, a town north of Plymouth, and later moved to present-day Boston where they began building their colony. the colony was named the Massachusetts Bay Colony after the Massachusetts Indians living in the region.

King Ferdinand

Ruled the Spanish kingdoms of Argon and Castile and later united all the Spanish kingdoms into a single nation. Spain’s colonial expansion began under this monarch’s rule.

Massachusetts Bay colony

The colonists were largely Puritans, in search of a new place to express religious freedom. The colony also had a role as a business venture as well- Massachusetts Bay Company. Because of this, the settlers int he colony made decisions for themselves, establishing a tradition of self-government in the region.

Mayflower Compact

Was a document drawn up by the Pilgrims who sailed to Plymouth. It was singed before the Pilgrims landed and left their ship. Those who signed the document agreed they they would form a government and follow any laws that were agreed upon for the “general good of the colony.”

New Amsterdam

This colony located in the site of present-day New York City and was known for their trade and exploration

Prince Henry the Navigator

Founded a school of navigation in southern Portugal. This school brought together experts to study the sea, navigation, mapmaking, and shipbuilding. The school trained sea captains to use astronomy and mathematics to chart the seas. Students used tools such as the astrolabe and the Quadrant. These tools allowed sailors to track their location at sea based on their position relative to the stars.

Protestant Reformation

A branch of Christianity that separated from the Roman Catholic Church. Martin Luther, a Catholic monk, is credited with starting this branch of Christianity.

Puritan

Were members of the Church of England who wanted to reform their church in the 1500s and 1600s. Believed that the Church of England, also known as the Anglican Church, was too similar to the Catholic Church. They hoped to change its formal ceremonies and practices. They held a very strict moral and religious code. They believed that a person’s entire lifestyle should be based on the word of God.

Queen Isabella

Ruled the Spanish kingdoms of Argon and Castile and later united all the Spanish kingdoms into a single nation. Spain’s colonial expansion began under this monarch’s rule.

Roanoke

An island off the coast of North Carolina - first colony established by the British.

Separatist

A strict Puritan sect within English Protestantism. United by their dislike of the Church of England, this sect wanted to either do away with the Church or server all ties with it. Their arguments with the Church of England were straightforward ; too many elements of Roman Catholicism remained in the Protestant Church, and the Church wasn’t enforcing religious beliefs forcibly enough. This sect felt persecuted within their own country.

Virginia Company

Gave the company a charter to create a colony somewhere between current-day North Carolina and New York State on the east coast of North America. The company Was a Joint-stock company, which meant that people bought shares in the company to pay for the voyage. Thus, it was the company, not the king, that set up the government of the colony.