Normal Cell Growth - Identified Determinants of Cancer

interphase and mitosis

What are the two major divisions of the cell cycle?

G1 phase

The stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions

S phase

The stage of interphase in which DNA is replicated or copied

G2 phase

The stage of interphase in which there is growth and preparation for cell division

mitosis

It is the stage where cell division happens

apoptosis

programmed cell death

apoptosis or injury

normal cells undergo cell division only when cells need to be replaced in cases of?

cells of GIT, skin, hair follicles and bone marrow

These are cells that undergo cell division at a rapid rate

fibronectin

It is cohesive, does not migrate and sticks together

contact inhibition

Normal cells have this in which when all sides are healthy cells, cell division will stop

carcinogenesis

It is the process by which a normal cell is transformed into a cancerous cell

initiation

A non-reversible event when a carcinogen invades and damages the DNA of the cell

oncogene

In the initiation stage, the carcinogen invades and damages the DNA of the cell, causing a change in the DNA structure called?

inhibiting agent or carcinogen

When cells are exposed to _________, it makes them susceptible to malignant transformation

promotion

A reversible event in which a prolonged, repeated exposure by a promoter stimulates cellular proliferation

progression

A cancer tumor that is changing, growing, becoming more undifferentiated and has its own blood supply

angiogenesis

During the progression stage, a cancer tumor is changing, growing, becoming more undifferentiated and has its own blood supply which is also called?

blood/lymphatic system, gravity, csf pathways, direct invading

What are the distributive systems of cancer?

A mobile mass that is smooth and round with a surrounding fibrous capsule. Cells multiply slowly and it grows by expanding and pushing away and against surrounding tissue. It is easier to remove and does not recur after excision

What are the characteristics of a benign tumor?

A fixed mass that is irregularly shaped with no capsule. Cells multiply rapidly and it grows by invading and destroying surrounding tissues. It is difficult to remove and recurs after excision

What are the characteristics of a malignant tumor?

shape, number and function

Cellular aberration is abnormal in?

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

A cancer-causing chemical agent that is found in coal, refuse burning, auto-track emissions and cigarette smoking

x-rays, radiation therapies, radioisotope studies, imaging studies

What are cancer-causing UV radiation and ionizing rays?

polyvinyl chloride (pvc)

A cancer-causing chemical agent that is also known as plastics

HPV

It is the causative agent of cervical cancer

Hepatitis B virus

It is the causative agent of liver cancer

viruses, bacteria and parasites

What are cancer-causing biologic agents?

foods making up diet, chemicals added to food and slow bowel transit time

What are the factors showing that diet can cause cancer?

for preserving, flavoring, coloring and sweetening

Chemicals added to food can cause cancer, what are the purposes why these chemicals are added?

family history and genetic testing

What are the genetic risk factors for cancer?

toxic exposure (radiation,asbestos)

What are the environmental risk factors for cancer?

tobacco, diet, exercise

What are the lifestyle risk factors for cancer?

cancer, pre-malignant disease, chronic inflammatory diseases

What are the personal history risk factors for cancer?

immunosuppression

How can immune system failure cause cancer?

genetic predisposition/susceptibility

Estimated 5% to 10% of all cancer result from?