vitamins

where is vitamin e found?

plants, especially in plant oils

what part of the grain has vitamin e (endosperm, germ, wheat)

what are the water soluble vitmains

B, C

what are the fat soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

refining grains leads to the loss of vitamin ___

b

what does beriberi mean?

thyamin (b-1) disease

(literally is translated to i cant i cant)

what are the symptoms of beriberi (thyamins(b-1) disease)?

weakness, loss of appetite, deep pain in calves, enlarged heart, and sometimes sever edema

which food groups contain the most thyamin(b-1)

protein and grains

symptoms of raboflavin (b-2) deficiency

sensitivity to sun, inflammation of mouth and tounge, various eye disorders and confusion

true or false: light destroys raboflavin (b-2)

true

what vitamin is associated with dementia and diarrhea

b-3 niacin

which food group has the most niacin (b-3)

protein

which vitamin maintains the myelin sheat that insulates neurons

b-12

true or false: people with b-12 deficiency lack vitamin b-12

flase, they lack folate (b9)

which vitmain helps with white blood cells and immune system

vitamin c

which vitamin deficiency is linked to scurvy

c

cancer beings with ___ mutation in the cell

DNA

An organic compound that is needed in small amounts in the diet to support normal function, growth, and maintenance of the body is a Blank______.

vitamin

Choose the vitamins that are considered B vitamins. More than one answer may be correct. 

Multiple select question.

thiamin

pantothenic acid

choline

folate

thyamin, pantothenic acid, folate

what is choline?

a vitamin like substance but is not classified as a vitamin

What is the name for health-promoting compounds found in animal food?

phytonutrient

zoochemicals

phytochemicals

functional foods

zoochemicals

Of all the carotenoids, which one serves as the most significant source of vitamin A for the body?

Multiple choice question.

beta-carotene

lutein

alpha-carotene

beta-cryptoxanthin

beta-carotene

Which vitamin plays a major role in maintaining the health of the epithelial cells?

Multiple choice question.

vitamin A

vitamin K

vitamin D

vitamin E

A

The two categories of functional foods are Blank______.

Multiple select question.

prebiotics

zoochemicals

phytochemicals

probiotics

zoochemicals

phytochemicals

Retinal is a form of vitamin______ that is involved in night vision.

A

Select the 3 carotenoids that can be converted into vitamin A in the body. More than one answer may be correct.

Multiple select question.

zeaxanthin

lycopene

beta-cryptoxanthin

beta-carotene

lutein

alpha-carotene

beta-crytoxanthin, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene

Some carotenoids function as antioxidants. The ability of carotenoids to inhibit the oxidation of LDL may help to prevent Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

osteomalacia

age-related macular degeneration

cancer

cardiovascular disease

cardiovascular disease

Vitamin A maintains the health of the Blank______ cells, which line the surfaces of the lungs, intestines, stomach, vagina, urinary tract, and bladder.

Multiple choice question.

red blood

epithelial

muscle

nerve

epithelial

what is xerophthalmia?

Hardening of the cornea and drying of the surface of the eye, which can result in blindness. caused by vitamin a deficiency

what is bitot’s spots?

Dry, foamy spots made from an accumulation of keratin (a protein) on the surface of the eye; caused by vitamin A deficiency

what is hyperkeratosis

A condition in which patches of skin become thicker, rougher, or drier than usual; a possible consequence of vitamin A deficiency.

Vitamin A deficiency may impair the ability of the cells in the retina of the eye to adjust from bright light to dim light. This early sign of vitamin A deficiency is called Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

xerophthalmia

night blindness

Bitot's spots

hyperkeratosis

night blindness

Fetal malformations and spontaneous abortion can be a result of excessive intakes of Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

preformed vitamin A

vitamin E

vitamin K

provitamin A carotenoid

preformed vitamin A

High intakes of dietary carotenoids do not result in toxicities because Blank______. More than one answer may be correct.

Multiple select question.

• excess carotenoids are rapidly excreted via urine

• the efficiency of carotenoid absorption from the small intestine declines as intake increases

• the conversion of provitamin A carotenoids into vitamin A is slow and regulated

• only supplemental sources are converted into vitamin A in the body

• the efficiency of carotenoid absorption from the small intestine declines as intake increases

• the conversion of provitamin A carotenoids into vitamin A is slow and regulated

Excessive consumption of vitamin A can damage the Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

heart

skin

eyes

liver

liver

Children with cystic fibrosis are at risk for rickets because Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

the bones bend under excess body weight

fat malabsorption limits absorption of fat-soluble vitamin D

the kidneys increase vitamin D excretion

medications compete with vitamin D for absorption

fat malabsorption limits absorption of fat-soluble vitamin D