21ST CENTURY LITERATURE from the Philippines and the World

littera

The term literature comes from the Latin word ________

Meaning a letter of the alphabet.

Britannica

According to ______, literature is traditionally defined as a body of written works, especially those linked to imaginative and creative writing, such as poetry and prose. I

literary text

The products of written literature are called

Characteristics of Literary text

• Narrates a story

• Expresses thoughts, feelings, and ideas (real or imagined)

• Delivers meaningful information across time, place, and culture

Literary structure

refers to the organizational method used in literature in which the most common type is the narrative

Poetry

Written in lines, characterized by rhythm, sound, imagery, and form.

Narrative Poetry

This poetry tells a story and has the elements of a narrative such as characters, setting, conflict, etc.

Dramatic Poetry

This is an emotionally appealing drama written in verse that tells a story and is intended to be recited or sung in front of the audience by a character speaking in poetry.

Lyric Poetry

It is the most common type of poetry that focuses on expressing feelings rather than telling a story.

prose

This literary piece applies a natural flow of speech and grammatical structures

fiction

This serves as a product of the writer's wild imagination and creative thinking

non-fiction

These are stories inspired by real events where the writers aim to present, interpret, or describe experiences based on facts.

Genre

refers to the forms of literature

literary elements

refer to particular identifiable characteristics of a whole text

Literary Tradition

A collection of works with an underlying interconnectedness and coherence, making them more than just a group of works sharing geography or group.

pre colonial

like chants, proverbs, songs, and folk narratives — fall under this period, which is mostly based on oral traditions.

Colonial

Literature focused on morality and religion, with forms like Corrido, Pasyon, and Cenaculo.

Colonizers (Spanish, American, Japanese) influenced themes of oppression, freedom, religion, and the Filipino colonial experience.

Martial Law

One of the most unforgotten and controversial periods during this era is having ——— during the Marcos regime.

Bugtong Epics Salawikain Songs Tales Kasabihan

Pre-Colonial literatures ; BESSTK

Dimasalang

Laong Laan

May Pag-asa

DR. JOSE P. RIZAL

Rizal's Works

"Mi Ultimo Adios" (MY LAST FAREWELL)

"Noli Me Tangere" (Touch Me Not)

"El Filibusterismo" (The Reign of the Greed)

"Sobre La Indolencia Delos Filipinos" (The Indolence of the Filipino)

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

• Plaridel

• Dasalan at Tocsohan

• La Solidaridad

Antonio Luna

• Taga-ilog

• He wrote a scientific study on malaria titled Malarial Pathology (El Hematozorio del Paludismo).

• He also authored “Impressions”, a piece critiquing Spanish customs and idiosyncrasies

600

How many American teachers arrived in the Philippines during the early 1900s to promote education?

thomasites

What were the American teachers who arrived in the Philippines in 1901 called?

Jose Maria Panganiban

Mariano Ponce

Pedro Paterno

Graciano Lopez Jaena

Members of the Propaganda Movement (JMPG)

American Regime

• (1898–1944)

• Western Influence:

  • Introduced English as a medium for writing and instruction

  • Writing in English became widespread in schools and literature

• Languages Used:

  • Continued use of Spanish, Tagalog, and various regional dialects in literary works

Jose Garcia Villa

famous for his free verse poetry

1910-1925

• Period of Imitation (———-)

• Period of Self-Discovery (—————)

Doctrina Cristiana

First printed book (by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva)

Nuestra Senora del Rosario

by Fr. Blancas de San Jose

Barlaan at Josaphat

translated from Greek to Tagalog by Fr. Antonio de Borja (1708)

Urbana at Felisa

by Modesto de Castro, Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog

Francisco Baltazar

• Known as the “Master of Traditional Tagalog Poetry”

• Famous work: Florante at Laura

Pedro Paterno

• Sampaguitas y Poesías Varias (1880)

• Ninay (1885)

Andres Bonifacio

“Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa”

Leona Florentino

“Mother of Philippine Women’s Literature,”

Paz Marquez Benitez

Dead Stars

Juan C. Laya

His Native Soil

Zoilo M. Galang

A Child of Sorrow

Narciso G. Reyes

Lupang Tinubuan

Salvador P. Lopez

Literature and Society

Manuel L. Quezon

The Good Fight

Carlos P. Romulo

• I Saw the Fall of the Philippines
• I See the Philippines Rise
• Mother America
• My Brother Americans