part 4- Lipids

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21 Terms

1

Lipids

A category of macromolecules that includes fats, oils, cholesterol, and phospholipids.

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2

Triglycerides

Lipids composed of three fatty acid tails linked to a glycerol molecule.

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3

Glycerol

A carbohydrate that serves as the backbone for triglycerides, linking fatty acids through ester linkages.

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4

Fatty Acid

A chain of carbon atoms flanked by hydrogen, with a carboxyl group at one end.

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5

Saturated Fats

Fats with no double bonds between carbon atoms, resulting in a full complement of hydrogen atoms.

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6

Unsaturated Fats

Fats that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, resulting in fewer hydrogen atoms.

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7

Ester Linkage

The covalent bond formed between a glycerol and fatty acids in a triglyceride.

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8

Phospholipids

Lipids similar to triglycerides but with two fatty acids and a polar phosphate group, forming cell membranes.

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9

Amphipathic

Molecules that possess both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts.

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10

Steroids

A category of lipids characterized by a four-carbon ring structure, functioning mainly as signaling molecules.

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11

Cholesterol

A type of steroid that is a key component in the formation of hormones and cell membranes.

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12

Lipid Bilayer

A double layer of phospholipids that forms the basic structure of cell membranes.

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13

Micelle

A spherical structure formed by fatty acids in water that resembles the behavior of phospholipids.

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14

Fluid Mosaic Model

A description of the cell membrane structure, emphasizing fluidity and a mosaic of various molecules embedded within.

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15

Aquaporin

A type of protein that facilitates the transport of water across cell membranes.

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16

Cis Double Bond

A type of double bond in unsaturated fats that creates a bend in the fatty acid chain.

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17

Trans Double Bond

A double bond formed through industrial processes that can make unsaturated fats solid at room temperature.

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18

Calorically Dense

Referring to lipids being high in energy content, providing more calories per gram than carbohydrates or proteins.

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19

Hormones

Chemical signaling molecules produced by glands that regulate various functions in the body.

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20

Semi-permeable Membrane

A membrane that allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others.

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21

Protein Channels

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane that facilitate the movement of specific molecules across the membrane.

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