Types of Bias- IB Psych Year 1

Participant Bias

a tendency for research participants to respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed, or they believe they know what the researcher wants

Social Desirability Effect

the effect is the tendency of participants to answer questions in a manner that will viewed favorably by others.

Researcher Bias

a tendency for researchers to engage in behaviors and selectively notice evidence that supports their hypotheses or expectations

confirmation bias

a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

interviewer bias

effects of interviewers behaviors on respondents that lead to biased answers

Sampling bias

A problem that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn.

Attrition bias

occurs when participants drop out of a long-term experiment or study in a non-random manner

Cultural Fallacy/bias

taking one's own culture as the standard by which all cultures should be judged. Common when using an etic approach.

What are WEIRD samples?

a sample made up of people from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic countries.

Alpha Bias

A tendency to exaggerate differences between men and women.

Beta Bias

a tendency to minimize differences between the sexes

publication bias

the tendency for journals to publish positive findings but not negative or ambiguous ones

Recall Bias

participants cannot accurately remember a past event or experience

blind and double blind procedures

prevent experimenter and participant biases.

random sampling and random allocation

ensure representative samples and unbiased distribution of participants in experimental conditions.

cross-cultural research

strives to understand cultural differences and avoid ethnocentrism.

Emic approaches

strives to avoid imposing one's own cultural values and beliefs on other cultures.

Researcher triangulation

Involves the use of several researchers from varied backgrounds to provide different perspectives and reduce bias.

bias

- often unconscious and unintentional

- consists of systematic errors that distort truth

- compromises the accuracy, validity, and reliability of research findings

Perspective

- consciously adopted and intentional

- compromises subjective viewpoints that provide different angles on the truth.

- enhances depth, diversity, and richness of interpretations and theories.