1m03 kolasa chapter 47

Climate

The average weather conditions in a specific area over a long period.

Biomes

Large ecological areas on the Earth's surface, with flora and fauna adapting to their environment.

Solar Radiation

Energy from the sun that reaches the Earth's surface, influencing climate and temperature.

Topography

The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.

Coriolis Effect

The deflection of moving objects caused by the rotation of the Earth.

Evapotranspiration

The sum of evaporation from the land and transpiration from plants.

Rain Shadow Effect

A dry area on the leeward side of a mountain due to the mountain blocking rain-producing weather patterns.

Latitudinal Diversity Gradient

The pattern in which species diversity increases towards the equator.

Terrestrial Biomes

Biomes that are found on land, including forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra.

Aquatic Biomes

Biomes that are dominated by water, including freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments.

Primary Productivity

The rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs to organic substances.

Desert Biome

An arid region characterized by low precipitation, typically less than 25 cm annually.

Tropical Rainforest

A biome characterized by high rainfall, warm temperatures, and high levels of biodiversity.

Alpine Biome

A biome characterized by cold conditions, found in high mountains above the tree line.

Taiga

A biome consisting of coniferous forests, occurring in the subarctic region.

Temperate Grassland

A biome characterized by grasses and few trees, with cold winters and warm summers.

Chaparral

A biome characterized by dense vegetation and dry conditions, often found in coastal regions.

Savanna

A grassland biome characterized by scattered trees, found in tropical regions.

Estuary

A coastal area where freshwater from rivers meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean.

Intertidal Zone

The area of the shoreline that is covered at high tide and uncovered at low tide.

Coral Reef Biome

A diverse underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals.