ANATOMY - Bones Unit Review

What type of bones are most of the limbs?

Long Bones

What is an example of short bones?

Carpals and Tarsals

What is an example of a sesamoid bone

Patella

What is a Wormian (sutural bone)

An extra small bone that can form within the sutures of the skull

What is a diaphysis?

The shaft or central, elongated portion of the bone that runs between 2 ends (the epiphyses)

What type of tissue is the articular end of  long bone?

Articular Cartilage

What is compact bone made of?

Osteons, Lamellae, Collagen Fibers, Osteocytes

What is the epiphysis of the long bone made up of?

Spongey Bone, Compact Bone, Articular Cartilage

What is the outer covering of the bone called?

Periosteum

What is another name for Spongey Bone?

Cancellous Bone

Where is the area of bone that produces the most hematopoietic tissue?

Red Bone Marrow

Where does the long bone grow in length at?

Epiphyseal Plate

What allows the bone to increase in diameter during periods of growth?

Osteoblasts in the Periosteum add new bone tissue to the surface.

What bones are developed by intramembranous ossification?

Flat Bones

What bones are developed by Endochondral Ossification?

Long Bones

What is osteogenesis? What type of cells appear first?

Osteogenesis is bone-making, osteoblasts appear first

When does ossification occur in a developing fetus? 

Around 8th week of pregnancy

What factors are necessary for normal bone growth?

• Nutrients

• Hormones

• Physical Activity

What is a newborn’s soft spot in the skull called?

Fontanel

What is an Osteoblast?

Cell that build new bone

What are Osteoclasts?

Cells that break down old bone tissue

During remodeling, what percentage of bone calcium is exchanged each year?

about 18%

What is the most important vitamin required for proper bone resorption and remodeling?

Vitamin D

What occurs with Vitamin D deficiencies in children and adults?

• Children: Rickets

• Adults: Osteomalacia

What occurs with an excess of pituitary growth hormone in an adult?

Acromegaly: Enlarged hands, feet, and facial features

What hormone deficiency could result in reduced physical size as well as mental retardation?

Thyroid Hormone

What is the color of red bone marrow the result of?

The presence of red blood cells

What type of bone is the primary source of red marrow in an adult?

Flat Bones

What is an Osteon or Haversian system comprised of?

Concentric rings of bone tissue (lamellae) arranged around a central (Haversian) canal that contains blood vessels and nerves.

What bones make up the Axial skeleton?

Skull, vertebral column (spine), ribs, sternum

What bone has no direct bony articulation with the skeleton?

Hyroid Bone 

What makes up the cheekbones?

Zygomatic Bone

What suture is between the temporal and parietal bones?

Squamos Suture

What bones is the coronal suture between?

Frontal and 2 Parietal Bones

What is the largest foramen in the body?

Foramen Magnum, located in the occipital bone of skull

What bones make up the cranial bones?

• Frontal Bone

• 2 Parietal Bones

• 2 Temporal Bones

• Occipital Bone

• Sphenoid Bone

• Ethmoid Bone

What bones of the skull contain sinuses?

• Frontal

• Maxillary

• Ethmoid

• Sphenoid

Which bones contain the ear structures?

Temporal Bone

What are the 2 bones that form the Pectoral Girdle?

Clavicle and Scapula

Where does the femur insert into the coxal bone?

Acetabulum

What is the first vertebra called?

Atlas

What is the largest Tarsal Bone?

Calcaneus

What bones make up the Coxal Bone?

• Ilium

• Ischium

• Pubis

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Support, protection, movement, and blood cell production and storage