Sexually Transmitted Infections

lack of vaginal lactobacilli

bacterial vaginosis

Infects mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract, rectum, and pharynx

gonorrhea bacterium

what is the highest STI incidence in the US

gonorrhea

limited cervical or uretheral infection

uncomplicated gonorrhea

includes salpingitis, epidiymitis, systemic gonococcal infection, and gonococcal meningitis

complicated gonorrhea

what kind of gonorrhea cases are rising

antibiotic resistant

how is gonorrhea transmitted

Genital-genital contact

oral-genital contact

anal-genital contact

what is the infectious agent of syphilis

treponoemal spiprochetes

how is syphilis spread

direct contact:

• sexual contact

• mom to baby

• blood transfusion

syphilis occurs mostly in

men having sex with men

is transmitted transplacentally and, if untreated, can cause premature stillbirth, blindness, deafness, facial abnormalities, crippling, or death

congenital syphilis

A one time IM injection of what will cure a person who has primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis

benzathine penicillin G

Infects genitourinary tract and rectum of adults

Causes conjunctivitis and pneumonia in neonates

chlamydia

transmitted through Mucous membrane contact with mucopurulent discharge from infected site

chlamydia

what is the most common reportable infectious disease

chlamydia

what is the cure for genital herpes

nothing

HSV-2 is linked with the development of

cervical cancer

inc risk of fatal newborn infection

Caused by a parasite

May be asymptomatic, dysuria, urinary frequency, vaginal discharge, dyspareunia, irritation of genital area

trichomoniasis

Men with trich may notice

uItching or irritation inside the penis;

uBurning after peeing or ejaculating; and

Discharge from the penis

Women with trich may notice

uItching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals;

uDiscomfort when peeing; and

A clear, white, yellowish, or greenish vaginal discharge (i.e., thin discharge or increased volume) with a fishy smell

Wart-like lesions that are soft, moist, or flesh colored and appear on the vulva and cervix and inside;

also surrounding the vagina and anus,

sometimes appear in cauliflower-like clusters, and are either raised or flat, and small or large

genital warts

what is the most common viral infection in the US

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

most manifestations of HPV are

asymptomatic or mild.

what are the most common causes of vaginitis

candida

trichomonas

gardnerella

fungus

candida

protozoan

trichomonas

bacterium

gardnerella

what is the nursing management for vulvovaginal candidasis

preventative measures

• cotton underwear

• avoid irritants

• maintain hygiene

Complication of untreated STI

pelvic inflammatory disease

what are the risk factors for PID

previous STI

multiple partners

douching

IUD

previous PID

S/S:

lower abdominal tenderness,

adnexal tenderness,

cervical motion tenderness,

fever,

dysmenorrhea,

dysuria,

dyspareunia

pelvic inflammatory disease

what are the diagnostics used to diagnose PID

endometrial biopsy

transvaginal ultrasound

laparoscopic examination

what are the 3 stages of HIV

primary infection

clinical latency

symptomatic disease

within about 1 month of contracting virus

primary HIV infection

when body shows no symptoms

clinical latency phase of HIV

Use of what has greatly increased survival time of persons with HIV/AIDS

highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

CD4 T-lymphocyte count less than 200/mL with documented HIV infection

AIDS-related opportunistic infections

symptomatic disease (AIDS)

Transmitted through exposure to blood, semen, transplanted organs, vaginal secretions, and breast milk

HIV transmission

First cases of AIDS identified in

1981

Treatment for HIV infection has been given

higher priority

prevalence of AIDS has

increased

uIndicates the presence of the antibody to HIV

uEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA)

uScreens blood and other donor products

uDoes not reveal whether individual has symptomatic AIDS, nor does it isolate the virus

HIV antibody test

Confirmatory test minimizes false-positive re

western blot HIV test

Rapid self-administered OTC test.

home HIV testing

Despite having an HIV-infected mother, many children

do not acquire HIV/AIDS

For 6 weeks after birth, babies with a parent who has HIV/AIDS receive

zidovudine

what is needed to confirm baby is NOT infected with HIV/AIDS

two negative tests

Provision of antiretroviral medication after isolated sexual, injection drug use, or other nonoccupational HIV exposure

nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP)

what is the nursing management of vulvovaginal candidiasis

avoidance of sex and alcohol consumption

what is the nursing management of BV

primary prevention and education

what is the nursing management of Chlamydia and gonorrhea

education and counseling and treatment regimen

what is the nursing management of Genital herpes simplex and syphilis

support,

assistance with coping

education

what is the nursing management of PID

drug therapy,

hydration,

pain relief,

education

sexual counseling

what is the nursing management of HPV

preventive education,

vaccination

counseling

what is the nursing management of HIV

education

counseling

support

compliance with therapy