Unit 2 Chemical Basis of Life Test Prep!

How Many Bonds Does Carbon Form

4 bonds

How Many Bonds does Hydrogen Form

1 bond

How Many Bonds does Oxygen Form

2 bonds

How Many Bonds Does Nitrogen Form

3 bonds

How Many Bonds Does Phosphorous Form

5 bonds

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

ionic bond

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Organic Compound

Contains carbon

Hydrogen Bond

Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.

Isomer

Compounds with the same formula but different structures.

Monomer

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

Polymer

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

Carbohydrate Monomer

Monosaccharide

Carbohydrate Polymer

polysaccharide

Protein Monomer

amino acids

Protein Polymer

Protein (Polypeptide)

Lipid Monomer

glycerol and fatty acids

Lipid Polymer

lipid

Nucleic Acid Monomer

nucleotide

Nucleic Acid Polymer

Nucleic Acid

dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.

Hydrolysis

A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.

Carbohydrate Elements

C,H,O in 1:2:1 ratio

Lipid Elements

C, H, O (little Oxygen)

Protein Elements

C,H,O,N

nucleic acid elements

C, H, O, N, P

Function of Carbohydrates

Quick (short term) energy, structure for cells, builds cells walls of plants, exoskeleton of insects.

Functions of Lipids

Long term energy storage, insulation, protects organs, waterproof covering, forms cells membrane.

Functions of Proteins

catalyst, transport, defense, movement, regulation, forms bone, skin, tissue, hair, nails.

Function of Nucleic Acids

store and transmit genetic information

Examples of Carbohydrates

Glucose, Fructose, Cellulose, Lactose, Starch

Examples of Lipids

fats, oils, waxes

Examples of Proteins

enzymes, antibodies, hemoglobin

examples of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

Carbohydrate Picture

Lipid Picture

Protein Picture

Nucleic Acid Picture

Enzyme

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Catalyst

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Substrate

reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Active Site

a region on an enzyme that binds to a substrate during a reaction.

Enzyme Substrate Complex

Denature

When an enzyme loses its shape and it can no longer function.

Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity

pH, temperature, and concentration of enzyme or substrate

The Bond that Forms Between Two Amino Acids to create a protein

Peptide Bond

Reactants

A starting material in a chemical reaction

Products

What is made (produced) in a chemical reaction