BASIC RADIATION CONCEPT

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MATTER

defined as anything that occupies space and has shape or form

MASS

The quantity of matter that makes up any

physical object.

ATOMS

Building blocks of matter

PROTONS, ELECTRONS AND NEUTRONS

Fundamental particles that compose atoms are:

NEILS BOHR

First to describe the MINIATURE SOLAR

In 1913

When did Neils Bohr describe the MINIATURE SOLAR?

ELECTRON

a very small particle, carrying one unit of NEGATIVE ELECTRIC CHARGE

JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON

Who discovered the electrons after investigating the properties of the cathode ray tube?

NUETRON

-electrically NEUTRAL

-NO CHARGE

JAMES CHADWICK

Who discovered the NEUTRON?

PROTONS

-carries all atoms’ POSITIVE ELECTRICAL CHARGE

EUGEN GOLDSTEIN

Who discovered the PROTON?

NUCLEUS

Where is the location of PROTON?

NUCLEUS

Where is the location of NEUTRON?

ORBITAL SHELLS

Where is the location of Electron?

ELEMENTS

-substances made up of only one type of atom

MOLECULES

-two or more atoms may combine chemically

CHEMICAL COMPOUND

-substance that consists of only one type of

molecule.

WATER

is an example of a compound. Its chemical symbol is H2O, indicating that is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

MIXTURES

-substances that contain more than one type of

molecule.

IONIZATION

is defined as a charged particle.

-Process when a neutral atom gains or loses electrons.

ENERGY

-is defined as the ability to do work.

-it occurs in several forms and can be

changed from one form to another

POTENTIAL ENERGY, KINETIC ENERGY, CHEMICAL ENERGY, ELECTRICAL ENERGY, THERMAL(HEAT) ENERGY, ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

What are the forms of energy?

POTENTIAL ENERGY

-the ability to do work by virtue of

position.

KINETIC ENERGY

The energy of motion. It is possessed by all matters in motion.

CHEMICAL ENERGY

-It is the energy release by way of a chemical reaction.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

-Represents the work that can be done when an electron or an electronic charge moves through an electronic potential.

THERMAL (HEAT) ENERGY

-energy of motion at the atomic or molecular level and in this regard may be viewed as kinetic energy of atoms

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

Type of energy in X-ray just as matter can be transformed from one size, shape, and form to another, so energy can be transformed from one type to another.

-moves through space at the velocity (speed) of approximately 186, 000 miles/sec.

PHOTON

-smallest unit of electromagnetic energy

QUANTA (QUANTUM, SINGULAR)

-photons occur as discrete "bundles" of energy.

AMPLITUDE

distance between the crest and the trough of

 the wave (its height)

WAVELENGTH

distance from one crest to the next

FREQUENCY

-it is the number of times per second that a crest passes a given point.

1. X-rays are invisible.

2. X-rays are electrically neutral.

3. X-rays have no mass.

4. X-rays travel at the speed of light in a vacuum.

5. X-rays cannot be optically focused.

6. X-rays form a polyenergetic or heterogeneous beam.

7. X-rays can be produced in a range of energies.

8. X-rays travel in a straight line.

9. X-rays can cause some substances to fluoresce.

10. X-rays cause chemical changes to occur in radiographic and photographic film.

11. X-rays can penetrate the human body.

12. X-rays can be absorbed or scattered by tissues in the human body.

13. X-rays can produce secondary radiation.

14. X-rays can cause chemical and biological damage to living tissue.

What are the properties of X-rays?

ELECTRICITY

X-ray energy is human-made and is produced electrically.

CONDUCTORS

Copper wire is an excellent conductor and is commonly used for electric wiring. It is connected to form a circuit, a continuous path.

RESISTANCE

Any property of the circuit that opposes or hinders the flow of current.

OHM

What is the unit of resistance?

CURRENT

-is the quantity of electrons flowing in a circuit

AMPERE (A)

-is used to measure the rate of the current flow in the circuit

POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

it is the force or strength of the electron flow in the current.

VOLT (V)

What is the unit used to measure potential difference?

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

it is a continuous path for the flow of electric charges from the power source through one or more electric devices and back to the source.

SERIES CIRCUIT

-The wiring runs continuously from the source, through the device, and back to the source.

AMMETER

-is a device for the measurement of current and is always connected in series.

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

-are wired across the circuit, creating a more complex circuit

VOLTMETER

- measures the difference in electric potential between two points in the circuit, so it must be connected in parallel, across the circuit between these two points.

DIRECT CURRENT

-current flows in one direction from cathode to anode.

ALTERNATING CURRENT

-Oscillation of electricity in both directions within a conductor.

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

-Magnetic fields can be used to produce electricity, and conversely, electric current creates magnetic fields.

TRANSFORMER

a device used to produce the high voltage needed for x-ray production.