CHAPTER 3 CONSEQUENTIALISM

Lesson 1: Consequentialism in Perspective

• Consequentialism: good result = good consequence, bad result = bad consequence

• Deontology: good rule = good action, bad rule = bad action

• Virtue Ethics: virtuous person = morally good, viscous person = morally bad (AGENT BASED)

  • Inherent Good: good in itself (happiness)

  • Instrumental Good: good in relation to another good (money - buys happiness)

Lesson 2: General Divisions of Consequentialism

• Hedonism: please/happiness is the only inherent good VIDE VERSA

• Non-hedonism: pleasure/happiness is NOT THE ONLY inherent good

  • Exclusive: pleasure is NOT inherently good

  • Inclusive: there are others

• Agent-relative: what happens to the agent matters most above everyone else

• Agent-neutral: results that bring the greatest good for everyone affected,

Lesson 3: Complex Types of Consequentialism (CWA)

• Consequentialist: utilitarianism = consequences/result as main consideration

• Welfarist: utilitarianism = welfare of persons

• Aggregationist: utilitarianism = maximize overall welfare of all persons involved

Lesson 4: Utilitarianism and Its Basic Forms

• Hedonistic U - Our actions should aim to increase ONLY pleasure or happiness

  • Hedonistic calculus (quantitative - mental pleasure is GREATER than physical)

• Non-Hedonistic U - Welfare maximised through actions is not only pleasure

  • Ideal: pleasures/happiness + other things

  • Preference/Satisfaction: satisfy our own desire

• Act U - morally good action = max welfare of all persons

• Rule U - morally good action = follows optimific rule (rule maximizing welfare of all persons)