6-Cellular Respiration and Fermentation ppt

Flashcards on Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The process by which solar energy from sunlight is changed into chemical energy of carbohydrates.

Cellular Respiration

The metabolic reactions that a cell uses to transform the chemical energy of organic compounds into ATP and release waste products.

ATP

The main energy-supplying molecule for cells.

Aerobic Respiration

Consumes oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide via oxidation of organic molecules, opposite to photosynthesis.

NAD+ and FAD

Oxidation-reduction co-enzymes active during cellular respiration.

Glycolysis

A metabolic pathway that breaks glucose into pyruvate.

Glycolysis in Eukaryotes

Occurs within the cytosol (outside mitochondria).

Glycolysis

Does not require the presence of oxygen and occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Phases of Glycolysis

Three phases: energy investment, cleavage, and energy liberation.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

When an enzyme directly transfers a phosphate from a phosphorylated organic molecule to ADP.

Pyruvate

Broken down by pyruvate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix.

Citric Acid Cycle

A cyclic metabolic pathway where molecules enter and leave, involving a series of regenerated organic molecules.

Krebs Cycle

Another name for the citric acid cycle.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

High energy electrons removed from NADH and FADH2 to make ATP, typically requiring oxygen.

Oxidative process

Process involving the electron transport chain.

Electron Transport Chain

Group of protein complexes and small organic molecules embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that accept and donate electrons.

Chemiosmosis

ATP Synthase makes ATP via this process.

Anaerobic

Does not require oxygen.

Fermentation

Glycolysis followed by reduction of pyruvate by NADH to either lactate OR alcohol and carbon dioxide.