Diagnosis Capstone #2

What does accurate articulation require?

• Exact placement

• Sequencing

• Timing

• Direction 

• Force

What are the goals of the articulation/phonological examination?

• Determine the ETIOLOGY

• Determine the SYMPTOMOLOGY

• Determine if THERAPY is warranted

What is the definition of stimulability?

ability to produce a misarticulated sound correctly when given a model and/or cues

Apraxia

• Motor speech disorder

Articulation Disorder

• Place, manner and voicing

Phonological Disorder

• Pattern of errors

• Linguistic basis

• Language disorder

Dysarthria

• Muscle weakness

• Imprecision of articulatory contacts

What elements are in the analysis of the articulation assessment

• Number of Errors

• Error Types (Substitutions, Omissions, Distortions, Additions)

• Form of Errors (Distinctive features, Phonological Processes)

• Consistency of Errors

• Intelligibility

• Rate of Speech

• Prosody

What contexts are looked at in the assessment of intelligibility?

• Known listener/Known context

• Known listener/Unknown context

• Unknown listener/Known context

• Unknown listener/Unknown context

Purpose of Oral Peripheral

Rule out any motor/neurological factors for disorder, helps distinguish diagnosis, assess strength speed ROM and coordination

Tools used in Oral Periph

Gloves, toothette, pen light, tongue depressor, Stopwatch, mirror

Universal precautions in oral periph

Wear gloves and change them after touching other surfaces, use warm penlight, sterilize all equipment, wash hands

What is diadochokenisis?

Test used to measure how quickly a person can accurately repeat a series of rapid, alternating phonetic sounds, and tests differnt parts of the mouth, tongue, and soft palette. Puh-Tuh-Kuh.

Lip retraction CN

VII

Lip pursing CN

VII

Tongue elevation CN

XII

Tongue retraction CN

V, XII

Soft palate elevation CN

X

/l/ place, manner, voicing

Alveolar lateral voiced

/m/ place, manner, voicing

Bilabial nasal voiced

/t/ place, manner, voicing

Alveolar Stop Voiceless

definition of articulation

• process by which sounds, syllables, and words are formed when your tongue, jaw, teeth, lips, and palate alter the air stream coming from the vocal folds

main differences between articulation and phonological disorders

• articulation disorder is motor based inability to produce sounds by having two articulators meet to produce target sound

• phonological disorder is simplification of sound system that affects intelligibility, organizing pattern of sounds in brain

Phonetic vs. phonemic disorder

• Articulation (phonetic) disorder is a SPEECH disorder that affects the PHONETIC level. Difficulty saying specific consonants and vowels

• phonological disorder is a LANGUAGE disorder that affects the PHONOLOGICAL (phonemic) level. The child has difficulty organizing their speech sounds into a system of sound patterns

Definition of phonological process

patterns of sound errors that children use to simplify speech while learning to talk

Symptoms of phonemic disorder

• poor intelligibility when context isn’t known

• 1+ sound in error

• Difficult to understand

• Slushy mouth sound

• Deleting sounds

Symptoms of phonetic disorder

• distortions

• substitutions

• omissions

• additions