Diagnostics 2) Ch 3 - multicultural considerations & 4-hearing considerations

cultural linguistic knowledge

●Primary role to determine disorder or difference

●Set aside biases and stereotypes

cultural communication differences

●Knowledge of social rules

●Several relevant social customs and beliefs

cultural groups may have differenc views reguarding

○Disability and intervention

○A woman's role in society

○Familial authority

○Appropriate names and titles

○Case history and interview questions

○Traditional testing practices

○Individual achievement

○Child's behavior

○Use of eye contact

○Time

○Expression of disapproval

○Personal space

○Small talk

○Mistrust of other cultural groups

cultural competence

●Enables clinicians to serve client with knowledge, respect, dignity

●Ongoing process that requires self-assessment

ASKED

conceptual model for gainaing cultural competence

○Awareness

○Skill

○Knowledge

○Encounters

○Desire

assessment of CLD clients

●Thorough

●Individualized

●Evidence-based

●Assess abilities in both languages

●Parents or family members may be the best source

●Importance of Dynamic Assessment

considerations for CLD clients

○Use culturally appropriate materials

○Test in one language at a time

○Be prepared to modify assessment plan

○Use interpreter/translator, if needed

○Be sensitive and respectful

Dynamic Assessment

-Test-teach-retest method

-Widely recommended approach for CLD clients

-Clients who do not demonstrate improvement more likely to have language impairment

disorder

client demonstrates difficulties in all languages; Speech-language disorder in both languages warrants intervention

Signs indicative of a disorder

○Difficulty learning both languages

○Atypical nonverbal communication

○Idiosyncratic communication errors

○Family history of language-learning disability

○Slower development

○Difficulty expressing basic needs

○Difficulty with peer interactions, asking/answering questions, conveying thoughts

○Tendency to repeat what is heard

difference

difficulties present only in one language

conductive hearing loss

Obstruction in outer or middle ear; usually temporary

sensorineural hearing loss

Inner ear damage; most common permanent

mixed hearing loss

conductive and sensorineural occue at same time

common hearing pathologies

○Auditory processing disorder

○Unilateral hearing loss in children

○Cochlear synaptopathy aka hidden hearing loss

○Tinnitus

Effects of hearing loss on communication

●Slight to profound effect on quality of life

●Developmental delays, speech-language disorder, learning problems, low self-esteem, difficulty making friends

Hearing loss affects people based on

○Type of loss

○Affected dB levels and frequencies

○Age of onset

○General health

○Current interventions

○Other learning concerns

Hearing screening as part of SL assessment

•Consideration of client's hearing acuity should be included in all speech-language assessments

•Ask in client/ parent interview history

•Know when to refer - when in doubt refer

•In report state what you observed