Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance

These flashcards cover key concepts related to body fluids, water balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance.

Which fluid compartment contains 16% of the body weight?

The interstitial fluid.

What is the main intracellular electrolyte?

Potassium.

Who has the highest percentage of water in their body mass composition?

Infants.

What happens when there is a decrease in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid?

Water moves into the cells.

Which area of the brain plays a major role in water and electrolyte balance?

The hypothalamus.

What stimulus prompts thirst?

Decreased plasma volume.

Which of the following triggers ADH release?

Fever, burns, and vomiting except for edema.

Which solute plays the biggest role in water reabsorption?

Sodium ions.

What is the hallmark symptom of hypotonic hydration?

Hyponatremia.

Which electrolyte exerts significant osmotic pressure?

Sodium ion.

What will the JGC respond positively to?

Dehydration, sympathetic nervous system activity, and a decrease in NaCl concentration, except for hypertension.

What does ANP promote?

Sodium excretion.

What is a normal arterial pH?

7.4.

What is the most important buffer in our plasma?

Bicarbonate.

Which of the following is NOT a target of PTH?

Parathyroid gland.

What condition can hypoproteinemia lead to?

Edema.

What does hyperventilation lead to?

Respiratory alkalosis.

What condition indicates metabolic alkalosis?

Indicates metabolic alkalosis.