1.3 bacterial growth and phys

bacteria usually divide via?

binary fission

do bacteria grow linearly or exponentially

exponentially

energy to make macromolecules needed for bacterial growth is obtained via?

respiration or fermentation

bacteria use hexoses by changing _______ to _________. what is the net ATP of this process?

glucose; pyruvate; 1

anaerobic bacteria build up pyruvate and convert it into? what is the purpose of this?

lactic acid; regenerate NAD+

if oxygen is available, bacteria can convert pyruvate to ______ and then is completely oxidized into ______ via the ______ cycle

acetyle CoA; CO2; Krebs

where is the ETC found in gram negative bacteria

inner cytoplasmic membrane

what other ions can bacteria use as the final e- acceptor in anaerobic respiration

nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, etc

most bacteria are facultative anaerobes meaning?

can grow in presence or absence of O2

oral and gut microbes are ______ ________ meaning that they cannot tolerate O2

obligate anaerobes

very few bacteria are strictly ________

aerobic

some bacteria have high nutrient requirements and can only live ______ _______

inside cells

all bacteria have peptidoglycan except for what genus

mycoplasma

mycoplasma contribute to?

pelvic inflammatory disease

chlamydiae genus are gram _____ and require ______ from the host cells

negative; ATP

chlamydiae can cause?

eye infections, urethritis, genital infections, pneumonia

review growth/doubling of bacteria slide

growth can be calculated via 2^N where N = # of doublings

what are the growth phases in batch culture

lag, exponential, stationary, decline

during which growth phase are toxins or spores normally made/expressed

stationary

what is the difference between mutated bacteria and "persisters"

mutated bacteria have a specific gene that allows them to resist abx while resisters are dormant or slow growing bacteria that can survive abx without having specific genes

what is an alternative to binary fission? does it occur in gram + or -

sporulation; +

during which growth phase can sporulation occur? this is when ______ are limited or the ______ ______ are stressful

stationary phase; nutrients; environmental conditions

what form of division produces spores?

asymmetric

do gram - or gram + more commonly produce spores

gram +

which two bacterial genus' most commonly produce spores

bacillus, clostridium

spores are metabolically _______

inert (no growth or division)

what two things can kill bacterial spores

-heat/steam from autoclave

-bleach (via the free chloride within it)

what is one thing to be cautious of if using bleach to kill spores?

it goes down in half strength every month (so if your bleach is old it may not be effective in killing spores)

what structural component makes the spore resistant of harsh conditions

peptidoglycan layer and protein coat

can ethanol or detergent kill bacterial spores

no

in nature, bacteria often grow in ______ _________

mixed communities

what is biofilm

structured community of micro-orgamisms that is adhered to a surface and enclosed in carbohydrates and proteins